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Scoring für disseminierte intravaskuläre Gerinnung (DIC) in der Intensivmedizin

Scoring of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in intensive care medicine

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Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin

Abstract

A close association between disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and increased morbidity and mortality of the critically ill has been uncovered in the ongoing validation of newly developed scoring systems of DIC. DIC scoring aims at quantifying and standardizing pathological activation of coagulation in these patients. Because of the high predictive power of DIC scoring for morbidity and mortality, early identification of DIC may play an important role in the management of critical illness by widening of the therapeutic window before development of irreversible organ failure. Therapeutic intervention in DIC is not well studied. Promising data on targeted modification of DIC by administration of antithrombin have been reported in the past; however, randomized controlled trials on the use of antithrombin for the treatment of DIC are still missing. Early detection of DIC by application of novel scores could play a particular role in future DIC trials by defining patient populations most likely to benefit from targeted intervention in their clotting disturbance of critical illness.

Zusammenfassung

Der enge Zusammenhang zwischen disseminierter intravaskulärer Gerinnung (DIC) und einem erhöhten Morbiditäts- und Sterberisiko kritisch kranker Patienten ist offensichtlich geworden, nicht zuletzt durch die mittlerweile vorliegenden Validierungsstudien zu verschiedenen DIC-Scores. Diese Scores haben das Ziel, die pathologische Gerinnungsaktivierung solcher Patienten zu quantifizieren und zu standardisieren. Der besondere Wert einer frühzeitigen Feststellung von DIC bei Intensivstationspatienten könnte in der Erweiterung eines therapeutischen Fensters liegen, in dem durch aggressiven Behandlungsansatz mit früher, zielgerichteter Therapieoptimierung versucht werden könnte, Erkrankungsprogression und Entwicklung von irreversiblem Organversagen zu verhindern. Auch wenn einige vorliegende Berichte zu den Behandlungsergebnissen einer gezielten Gerinnungsintervention und DIC-Korrektur mit Antithrombin viel versprechend sind, fehlt die Bestätigung von Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit aus randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien. In der Identifikation der optimalen Patientenpopulation für solche Studien könnte der Einsatz von neuen Scores für noch nicht dekompensierte DIC eine besondere Rolle spielen, weil die DIC mit diesen Scores rechtzeitig erkannt werden könnte.

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Correspondence to Christian J. Wiedermann.

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Wiedermann, C.J., Egi, M. Scoring für disseminierte intravaskuläre Gerinnung (DIC) in der Intensivmedizin. Intensivmed 45, 205–211 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-008-0884-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-008-0884-0

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