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The role of viruses in human acute appendicitis: a systematic literature review

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Abstract

Background

There have been debates about the human appendix function, and while previous research suggested it might be a vestigial organ with no functional significance, recent studies have pointed out that it might have an important role in the immune system. Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common cause of emergency abdominal surgery in the world. Some epidemiologic investigations have found an association between appendicitis and viral infections. In this study, we have reviewed systematically articles to discover viral infections that cause appendicitis and find any possible correlations between the two.

Methods

This systematic review was performed by searching among electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE on viruses and appendicitis topics.

Results

Conducted search leads to 983 results in all databases after the duplicate removal and screening by title, abstract, and full-text based on inclusion criteria lead to 19 studies. There were several assays to detect the viruses, which are thought to be AA causative agents. RT-PCR and immunoassays were the mainstay methods to detect the probable cause.

Conclusion

Investigations suggested that some viruses including measles virus (MV), influenza virus, dengue fever virus (DFV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human herpesviruses, rotavirus, and adenovirus are associated with acute appendicitis. Despite the available reports, the specific mechanisms behind the relationship between acute appendicitis and viral infections are yet to be understood. Therefore, further investigations are necessary to find out the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of viral complications in appendicitis.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Acknowledgements

We are sincerely thankful to Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.

Funding

The present study is funded by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (grant no. 65829).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Saber Soltani & Ramin Shahbahrami

  2. Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mina Mobini Kesheh

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Goli Siri

  4. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran

    Samireh Faramarzi

  5. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

    Mojtaba Didehdar

  6. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Yousef Erfani

  7. Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran

    Abbas Farahani

  8. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran

    Abbas Farahani

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  1. Saber Soltani
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Contributions

Saber Soltani and Abbas Farahani:Conceptualized and designed the review. Saber Soltani, Mina Mobini Keshesh, Abbas Farahani, Mojtaba Didehdar, Yousef Erfani interpretation of data for the work, wrote the manuscript and final approval of the version to be published. Samireh Faramarzi, Goli Siri, and Ramin Shahbahrami: Supervised the collection of the Data and wrote the manuscript. Saber Soltani, Goli Siri, and Abbas Farahani: Revised the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.

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Soltani, S., Kesheh, M.M., Siri, G. et al. The role of viruses in human acute appendicitis: a systematic literature review. Int J Colorectal Dis 38, 102 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-023-04391-z

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