Climate Dynamics

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06879-4

In this article , the legend “CTF” appeared in Fig. 1, 2, 3, and 5 are corrected to the “CUF”. The corrected figures are shown given as below.

Fig. 1
figure 1

(a) Climatological annual cycles of the CUF (black), CBF (blue), CEF (red), and gross PV (orange) in the NH. Unit: 1012 m2 K s−1. The green line indicates the sum of the CUF, CBF, and CEF. The CEF (red) is amplified by a factor of 10 for display. (b) Annual cycles of the standard deviations of the CUF (black), CBF (blue), and CEF (red). Unit: 1010 m2 K s−1

Fig. 2
figure 2

Probability density function (colored line) and average (vertical dashed line) of the mean annual gross PV anomaly in the NH estimated from 100,000 bootstrapped samples in the positive (red) and negative (blue) phases of (a) the mean annual sum of the CUF and CEF and (b) the mean annual CBF. The shading indicates the 95% confidence interval

Fig. 3
figure 3

Annual cycle of correlation coefficient between the CUF and CEF

Fig. 5
figure 5

Probability density function (colored line) and average (vertical dashed line) of the (a) CUF and (b) CEF estimated from 100,000 bootstrapped samples in the westerly (red) and easterly (blue) QBO phase during the concurrent boreal winter. The shading indicates the 99% confidence interval. (c) Regressed vertical PVC (shading) at the upper boundary (380-K) and the horizontal PVC (vectors) integrated from the Earth’s surface to the upper boundary on the QBOI during the concurrent boreal winter. Areas exceeding a significance level of 0.05 are indicated by white dots. Vectors exceeding a significance level of 0.05 are shown

The original article has been corrected.