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Effects of spring Tibetan Plateau land temperature anomalies on early summer floods/droughts over the monsoon regions of South East Asia

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Abstract

Recent observational and modeling studies have demonstrated the substantial influence of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) spring land surface temperature (LST) and subsurface temperature (SUBT) on downstream summer droughts/floods events in East Asia, highlighting the potential application of LST/SUBT on sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction (S2S). In this study, we employ the National Centers for Environment Prediction—Global Forecast System/Simplified Simple Biosphere model version 2 (GFS/SSiB2) to investigate the potential role of the late spring warm LST anomaly over the TP on the extraordinary June 1998 flood in the south of the Yangtze River region. Numerical experiments indicate that the warmer (above normal) May LST over the TP may contribute to the extreme flood of 1998 over the south of the Yangtze River region, with the LST reproducing about 57% and 64% of observed above-normal rainfall anomaly over the south of the Yangtze River region and southeastern China, respectively. Further analyses reveal a possible effect of springtime TP’s LST on summer southern and eastern Asian rainfall and identify some hot spots, suggesting that the TP’s spring LST effect is not only limited to the Yangtze River region, but to a much larger scale. The imposed warm LST/SUBT over the TP triggers a strong wave activities propagating eastward along the upper-level westerly jet, associated with an increase of the atmospheric baroclinic instability as well as a strengthening and southeastward movement of the South Asian high, leading to intensified moisture convergence and convective instability favorable to the excessive rainfall in the downstream region of East Asia. The results of the 1998 case have also been compared with the results from year of 2003, which had a very cold spring LST anomaly over the TP and a severe downstream June 2003 drought (flood) in southern (northern) of the Yangtze River Basin area. Simulation results provide further evidence of the great importance of the TP spring land surface temperature anomaly in regulating summer extreme hydroclimatic events (e.g. droughts and floods) in South and East Asia. The present study suggests that consideration of LST/SUBT anomalies has a strong potential for more skillful S2S prediction of extreme hydroclimatic events such as floods, droughts and heatwaves over both Southern and Eastern Asia.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No AGS-1849654). The authors would like to thank the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas at Austin for providing invaluable computer time for the model simulations, as well as the anonymous reviewers’ and the editor for providing very constructive comments/suggestions to help improve the paper. All the model runs described in this study were carried out at the TACC stampede 2. All simulations datasets analyzed in this study are archived in the Department of Geography at the University of California—Los Angeles and can be obtained upon request by contacting the corresponding author (idiallo.work@gmail.com or ismailladiallo@gmail.com).

Funding

The U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No AGS-1849654).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1524, USA

    Ismaila Diallo & Yongkang Xue

  2. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1524, USA

    Yongkang Xue

  3. CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

    Qiuyu Chen & Xuejuan Ren

  4. Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Weidong Guo

Authors
  1. Ismaila Diallo
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  2. Yongkang Xue
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  3. Qiuyu Chen
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  4. Xuejuan Ren
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  5. Weidong Guo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ismaila Diallo.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Availability of data and material

The reference datasets are downloaded from open sources. The gridded observational datasets (CMA) are available from http://data.cma.cn/site/index.html (http://data.cma.cn/en; for English). All simulations datasets and processed datasets are available upon request from the corresponding author (ismailladiallo@gmail.com or idiallo.work@gmail.com).

Code availability

All analysis code is available upon request from the corresponding author (ismailladiallo@gmail.com or idiallo.work@gmail.com).

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Diallo, I., Xue, Y., Chen, Q. et al. Effects of spring Tibetan Plateau land temperature anomalies on early summer floods/droughts over the monsoon regions of South East Asia. Clim Dyn 62, 2659–2681 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06053-8

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