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Climate simulation of the twenty-first century with interactive land-use changes

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Abstract

To include land-use dynamics in a general circulation model (GCM), the physical system has to be linked to a system that represents socio-economy. This issue is addressed by coupling an integrated assessment model, IMAGE2.2, to an ocean–atmosphere GCM, CNRM-CM3. In the new system, IMAGE2.2 provides CNRM-CM3 with all the external forcings that are scenario dependent: greenhouse gas (GHGs) concentrations, sulfate aerosols charge and land cover. Conversely, the GCM gives IMAGE changes in mean temperature and precipitation. With this new system, we have run an adapted scenario of the IPCC SRES scenario family. We have chosen a single scenario with maximum land-use changes (SRES A2), to illustrate some important feedback issues. Even in this two-way coupled model set-up, land use in this scenario is mainly driven by demographic and agricultural practices, which overpowers a potential influence of climate feedbacks on land-use patterns. This suggests that for scenarios in which socio-economically driven land-use change is very large, land-use changes can be incorporated in GCM simulations as a one-way driving force, without taking into account climate feedbacks. The dynamics of natural vegetation is more closely linked to climate but the time-scale of changes is of the order of a century. Thus, the coupling between natural vegetation and climate could generate important feedbacks but these effects are relevant mainly for multi-centennial simulations.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions have greatly improved the paper. This work has been supported by the European Commission Sixth Framework Program (ENSEMBLES contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GAME/CNRM (Météo-France, CNRS), 42 avenue G. Coriolis, 31057, Toulouse Cedex 1, France

    Aurore Voldoire, Jean-François Royer & Fabrice Chauvin

  2. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP, formerly RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    Bas Eickhout

  3. Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Michiel Schaeffer

Authors
  1. Aurore Voldoire
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  2. Bas Eickhout
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  3. Michiel Schaeffer
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  4. Jean-François Royer
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  5. Fabrice Chauvin
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Correspondence to Aurore Voldoire.

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Voldoire, A., Eickhout, B., Schaeffer, M. et al. Climate simulation of the twenty-first century with interactive land-use changes. Clim Dyn 29, 177–193 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-007-0228-y

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