Abstract
This study uses linear regression and composite analyses to identify a pronounced asymmetric connection of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Tasman Sea with the two opposite phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during austral summer. In El Niño years, the SST anomalies (SSTAs) in the Tasman Sea exhibit a dipolar pattern with weak warmth in the northwest and modest cooling in the southeast, while during La Niña years the SSTAs exhibit a basin-scale warmth with greater amplitude. Investigations into the underlying mechanism suggest that this asymmetry arises from a mechanism related to oceanic heat transport, specifically the anomalous Ekman meridional heat transport induced by the zonal wind stress anomalies, rather than the surface heat fluxes on the air-sea interface. Further analysis reveals that the asymmetry of oceanic heat transport between El Niño and La Niña years is driven by the asymmetric atmospheric circulation over the Tasman Sea stimulated by the asymmetric diabatic heating in the tropical Pacific between the two opposite ENSO phases.
摘要
本研究通过线性回归和合成分析, 发现南半球夏季塔斯曼海海温与 ENSO 正、 负位相存在非对称联系. El Niño 年, 塔斯曼海的海温异常表现为偶极型模态, 西北部为较弱的暖海温异常, 东南部为冷海温异常; La Niña 年, 塔斯曼海则表现为海盆一致的增暖, 且异常值的振幅更强. 机制分析表明, ENSO 正、 负位相期间塔斯曼海海温异常的非对称性主要来自海洋热输送的贡献, 特别是由纬向风应力异常引起的经向 Ekman 热输送, 而海-气界面的热通量则起了阻尼作用. 进一步分析发现, El Niño 年和 La Niña 年海洋热输送的非对称性受到塔斯曼海上空非对称的大气环流的驱动, 而非对称的大气环流由热带太平洋非对称的非绝热加热激发.
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This work was jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA19070402) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41790473 and 41731177).
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• There is a pronounced asymmetric connection of SST in the Tasman Sea during austral summer to the two opposite phases of ENSO.
• This asymmetry arises from oceanic heat transport rather than the surface heat fluxes on the air-sea interface.
• The asymmetric atmospheric circulation stimulated by the asymmetric diabatic heating in tropical Pacific causes the asymmetry in Tasman Sea SST.
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Sun, X., Li, S. & Liess, S. The Asymmetric Connection of SST in the Tasman Sea with Respect to the Opposite Phases of ENSO in Austral Summer. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 39, 1897–1913 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-1421-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-1421-y
Key words
- El Niño-Southern Oscillation
- SST in the Tasman Sea
- asymmetric connection
- surface heat fluxes
- oceanic heat transport