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Effects of crabs on greenhouse gas emissions, soil nutrients, and stoichiometry in a subtropical estuarine wetland

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Abstract

Crabs may elicit effects on wetland carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and associated ecological stoichiometry. In this study, we assessed effects of crabs on carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions; soil C, N, and P concentrations; and stoichiometry in upper and mid-tidal flats of an estuarine wetland in China. The results showed that averaged CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes were greater in the upper and mid-tidal flats in the presence of crabs, being 46.4, 66.7, and 69.7% and 53.6, 143, and 73.1% greater than control, respectively. Mixed model analyses showed overall positive relationships between wetland soil CO2 CH4 and N2O emissions (F = 4.65, P = 0.033; F = 42.42, P = 0.042 and F = 10.2, P = 0.0018, respectively) in the presence of crabs, taking into account season, flooding intensity, and plot effects. This may be related to the direct effects of respiration and the indirect effects of feeding, excretion, and disturbance of soil on microorganisms and/or plant roots. There were no effects of crabs on total C or N concentrations, whereas decreased soil total P concentrations, especially in the upper-tidal flats (P = 0.04). Crab presence was positively associated with soil C/P and N/P ratios (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively), taking into account season, flooding intensity, and plot effects. In the upper and mid-tidal flats, soil CO2 emissions were negatively correlated with total soil C; CH4 emissions were positively correlated with ratios of C/N and C/P; and N2O emissions were positively correlated with N content. In general, global warming potential (GWP) of the upper-tidal flats in the presence of crabs increased by 138% compared with the absence of crabs, and GWP of the mid-tidal flats in the presence of crabs increased by 99.3% compared with the absence of crabs. Global warming and associated flooding rise in several coastal wetland areas are favoring benthic fauna number enhancement, and this in turn increases GWP of overall gas emissions further contributing to future warming rise.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dengzhou Gao, Xu Song, and Kang Xu for their assistance with field sampling. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation of China (41571287), the Outstanding Youth Scientific Research Talents Cultivation Plan in Colleges and Universities of Fujian Province 2017, Spanish Government grant CGL2016-79835, Catalan Government grant SGR 2017-1005, and European Research Council Synergy grant ERC-SyG-2013-610028, IMBALANCE-P.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China

    Xiaoxuan Chen, Youyang Chen, Shuyun Chen, Congsheng Zeng & Weiqi Wang

  2. Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China

    Xiaoxuan Chen, Youyang Chen, Shuyun Chen, Congsheng Zeng & Weiqi Wang

  3. TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany

    Martin Wiesmeier

  4. CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Jordi Sardans, Albert Gargallo-Garriga & Josep Peñuelas

  5. CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Jordi Sardans, Albert Gargallo-Garriga & Josep Peñuelas

  6. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, NSW, 2477, Australia

    Lukas Van Zwieten

  7. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia

    Yunying Fang

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Chen, X., Wiesmeier, M., Sardans, J. et al. Effects of crabs on greenhouse gas emissions, soil nutrients, and stoichiometry in a subtropical estuarine wetland. Biol Fertil Soils 57, 131–144 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01512-6

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