Abstract
We study the numerical approximation of the fundamental quantities in pluripotential theory, namely the Siciak Zaharjuta extremal plurisubharmonic function\(V_E^*\) of a compact \(\mathcal {L}\)-regular set \(E\subset {\mathbb {C}}^n\), its transfinite diameter\(\delta (E),\) and the pluripotential equilibrium measure\(\mu _E:=\left( {{\mathrm{dd^c}}}V_E^*\right) ^n\). The developed methods rely on the computation of a polynomial mesh for E, for which a suitable orthonormal polynomial basis can be defined. We prove the convergence of the approximation of \(\delta (E)\) and the local uniform convergence of our approximation to \(V_E^*\) on \({\mathbb {C}}^n\). Then the convergence of the proposed approximation of \(\mu _E\) follows. Our algorithms are based on the properties of polynomial meshes and Bernstein–Markov measures. Numerical tests on some simple cases with \(E\subset \mathbb {R}^2\) show the performance of the proposed methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The original definition in [23] is actually a little weaker (sub-exponential growth instead of polynomial growth is allowed). Here we prefer to use the present one, which is now the most common in the literature.
References
Baran, M.: Siciak’s extremal function of convex sets in \({\mathbb{C}}^N\). Ann. Pol. Math. 48(3), 275–280 (1988)
Baran, M.: Siciak’s extremal function and complex equilibrium measures for compact sets of \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Ph.D. thesis, Jagellonian University (Krakow). Ph.D. Dissertation (1989)
Bedford, E., Taylor, B.A.: The Dirichlet proiblem for a complex Monge Ampere equation. Invent. Math. 50, 129–134 (1976)
Bedford, E., Taylor, B.A.: A new capacity for plurisubharmonic functions. Acta Math. 149(1), 1–40 (1982)
Berman, R., Boucksom, S.: Growth of balls of holomorphic sections and energy at equilibrium. Invent. Math. 181(2), 337–394 (2010)
Berman, R., Boucksom, S., Witt Nyström, D.: Fekete points and convergence towards equilibrium measures on complex manifolds. Acta Math. 207(1), 1–27 (2011)
Berman, R., Ortega-Cerdá, J.: Sampling of real multivariate polynomials and pluripotential theory. Arxiv preprint, arXiv:1509.00956 (2015)
Bloom, T.: Orthogonal polynomials in \(\mathbb{C}^n\). Indiana Univ. Math. J. 46(2), 427–452 (1997)
Bloom, T., Bos, L., Levenberg, N.: The transfinite diameter of the real ball and simplex. Ann. Pol. Math. 106, 83–96 (2012)
Bloom, T., Bos, L., Levenberg, N., Maú, S., Piazzon, F.: The extremal function for the complex ball for generalized notions of degree and multivariate polynomial approximation. arXiv:1801.02401, submitted to Annales Polonici Mathematici (2018)
Bloom, T., Bos, L., Levenberg, N., Waldron, S.: On the convergence of optimal measures. Constr. Approx. 32(1), 159–179 (2010)
Bloom, T., Bos, L.P., Calvi, J., Levenberg, N.: Approximation in \(\mathbb{C}^n\). Ann. Pol. Math. 106, 53–81 (2012)
Bloom, T., Levenberg, N.: Weighted pluripotential theory in \({\bf C}^N\). Am. J. Math. 125(1), 57–103 (2003)
Bloom, T., Levenberg, N.: Transfinite diameter notions in \(\mathbb{C}^N\) and integrals of Vandermonde determinants. Ark. Mat. 48(1), 17–40 (2010)
Bloom, T., Levenberg, N.: Random polynomials and pluripotential-theoretic extremal functions. Potential Anal. 42(2), 311–334 (2015)
Bloom, T., Levenberg, N., Piazzon, F., Wielonsky, F.: Bernstein-Markov: a survey. DRNA Dolomites Res Notes Approx 8, 75–91 (2015)
Bloom, T., Shiffman, B.: Zeros of random polynomials on \(\mathbb{C}^m\). Math. Res. Lett. 14(3), 469–479 (2007)
Bos, L., Calvi, J.-P., Levenberg, N., Sommariva, A., Vianello, M.: Geometric weakly admissible meshes, discrete least squares approximations and approximate Fekete points. Math. Comput. 80(275), 1623–1638 (2011)
Bos, L., Levenberg, N.: Bernstein–Walsh theory associated to convex bodies and applications to multivariate approximation theory. Comput. Methods Funct. Theory 18(2), 361–388 (2018)
Bos, L., Vianello, M.: Low cardinality admissible meshes on quadrangles, triangles and disks. Math. Inequal. Appl. 15(1), 229–235 (2012)
Bos, L.P., Marchi, S.D., Sommariva, A., Vianello, M.: Weakly admissible meshes and discrete extremal sets. Numer. Math. Theory Methods Appl. 41(1), 1–12 (2011)
Brezinski, C.: Accélération de la convergence en analyse numérique. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 584. Springer, Berlin (1977)
Calvi, J.-P., Levenberg, N.: Uniform approximation by discrete least squares polynomials. J. Approx. Theory 152(1), 82–100 (2008)
Cohen, A., Migliorati, G.: Multivariate approximation in downward closed polynomial spaces. arXiv:1612.06690 (2016)
Ehlich, H., Zeller, K.: Schwankung von Polynomen zwischen Gitterpunkten. Math. Z. 86, 41–44 (1964)
Embree, M., Trefethen, L.N.: Green’s functions for multiply connected domains via conformal mapping. SIAM Rev. 41(4), 745–761 (1999)
Klimek, M.: Pluripotential Theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1991)
Kroó, A.: On optimal polynomial meshes. J. Approx. Theory 163(9), 1107–1124 (2011)
Lev, N., Ortega-Cerdà, J.: Equidistribution estimates for Fekete points on complex manifolds. J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 18(2), 425–464 (2016)
Levenberg, N.: Ten lectures on weighted pluripotential theory. Dolomites Notes Approx. 5, 1–59 (2012)
Mantica, G.: Computing the equilibrium measure of a system of intervals converging to a cantor set. Dolomites Res. Notes Approx. DRNA 6, 51–61 (2013)
Ma’u, S.: Chebyshev constants and transfinite diameter on algebraic curves in \(\mathbb{C}^2\). Indiana Univ. Math. J. 60(5), 1767–1796 (2011)
Narayan, A., Jakeman, J.D., Zhou, T.: A Christoffel function weighted least squares algorithm for collocation approximations. Math. Comput. 86, 1913–1947 (2017)
Olver, S.: Computation of equilibrium measures. J. Approx. Theory 163(9), 1185–1207 (2011)
Piazzon, F.: Bernstein Markov properties. Ph.D. thesis, University of Padova Department of Mathemathics. Advisor: N. Levenberg (2016)
Piazzon, F.: Optimal polynomial admissible meshes on some classes of compact subsets of \(\mathbb{R}^d\). J. Approx. Theory 207, 241–264 (2016)
Piazzon, F.: Some results on the rational Bernstein–Markov property in the complex plane. Comput. Methods Funct. Theory 17(3), 405–443 (2017)
Piazzon, F., Vianello, M.: Small perturbations of polynomial meshes. Appl. Anal. 92(5), 1063–1073 (2013)
Piazzon, F., Vianello, M.: Constructing optimal polynomial meshes on planar starlike domains. Dolomites Res. Notes Approx. DRNA 7, 22–25 (2014)
Piazzon, F., Vianello, M.: Suboptimal polynomial meshes on planar Lipschitz domains. Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 35(11), 1467–1475 (2014)
Ransford, T.: Potential Theory in the Complex Plane. London Mathematical Society Student Texts, vol. 28. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)
Ransford, T., Rostand, J.: Computation of capacity. Math. Comput. 76(259), 1499–1520 (2007)
Rostand, J.: Computing logarithmic capacity with linear programming. Exp. Math. 6(3), 221–238 (1997)
Sadullaev, A.: An estimates for polynomials on analytic sets. Math. URSS Izv. 20(3), 493–502 (1982)
Saff, E.B., Totik, V.: Logarithmic Potentials with External Fields. Springer, Berlin (1997)
Shin, Y., Xiu, D.: On a near optimal sampling strategy for least squares polynomial regression. J. Comput. Phys. 326, 931–946 (2016)
Siciak, J.: Extremal plurisubharmonic functions in \(\mathbb{C}^n\). Ann Pol. Math. 319, 175–211 (1981)
Townsend, A., Trefethen, L.N.: An extension of Chebfun to two dimensions. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 35(6), C495–C518 (2013)
Trefethen, L.N.: Multivariate polynomial approximation in the hypercube. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 145(11), 4837–4844 (2017)
Walsh, J.L.: Interpolation and Approximation by Rational Function on Complex Domains. AMS, Providence (1929)
Zaharjuta, V.P.: Extremal plurisubharmonic functions, Hilbert scales, and the isomorphism of spaces of analytic functions of several variables. I, (Russian). Teor. Funkciĭ Funkcional. Anal. i Priložen. 127(19), 133–157 (1974)
Zaharjuta, V.P.: Extremal plurisubharmonic functions, Hilbert scales, and the isomorphism of spaces of analytic functions of several variables. II, (Russian). Teor. Funkciĭ Funkcional. Anal. i Priložen. 127(21), 65–83 (1974)
Zeitouni, O., Zelditch, S.: Large deviations of empirical measures of zeros of random polynomials. Int. Math. Res. Not. 20, 3935–3992 (2010)
Acknowledgements
The findings of this work are essentially a part of the doctoral dissertation [35]. Consequently, much of what we present here has been deeply influenced by the discussions with our advisor, Prof. N. Levenberg (Indiana University). All the software used in the numerical tests we performed above has been developed in collaboration with the CAA group (see http://www.math.unipd.it/~marcov/CAA.html) at Padova University and Verona University, in particular with Prof. M. Vianello. The author deeply thanks him for the scientific collaboration. Also, we thank Prof. M. Putti and the University of Padova for its support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Edward B. Saff.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Piazzon, F. Pluripotential Numerics. Constr Approx 49, 227–263 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00365-018-9441-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00365-018-9441-7