Abstract
Development of experimental methods for in situ particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is fundamental for allowing measurement of moving systems non-tailored for velocimetry. This investigation focuses on the development of a post-processing methodology for single-camera PTV, without laser-sheet illumination, tracking native air bubbles as tracer particles within a liquid drop of human insulin in microgravity. Human insulin functioned as a sufficiently complex, non-Newtonian fluid system for testing fluid measurement methodology. The PTV scenario was facilitated by microgravity technology known as the ring-sheared drop (RSD), aboard the International Space Station, which produced an optical imaging scenario and fluid flow geometry suitable as a testbed for PTV research. The post-processing methodology performed included five steps: (i) physical system characterization and native air bubble tracer identification, (ii) image projection and single-camera calibration, (iii) depth determination and 3D particle position determination, (iv) ray tracing and refraction correction, and (v) particle history and data expansion for suboptimal particles. Overall, this post-processing methodology successfully allowed for a total of 1085 particle measurements in a scenario where none were previously possible. Such post-processing methodologies have promise for application to other in situ PTV scenarios allowing better understanding of physical systems whose flow is difficult to measure and/or where PTV-specific optical elements (such as laser light sheets and dual-camera setups) are not permissible due to physical or safety constraints.
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Data/code availability
The data and code corresponding to this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Louise Littles, Sridhar Gorti, Hong Q. Yang, Kevin Depew, Michael Hall, James McClellan, Heidi Parris, Shawn Reagan, Ryan Reeves, Shawn Stephens, Paul Galloway, Ben Murphy, and Fran Chiramonte for their continued support of both the RSD project and the operations team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The authors also thank astronauts Raja Chari, Shane Kimbrough, Christina Koch, Akihiko Hoshide, Megan McArthur, Luca Parmitano, Thomas Pasquet, and Mark Vande Hei for their excellence and flexibility during real-time space operations. The authors are also grateful for the support to this study given by NASA BPS, NASA MSFC, NASA JSC, NSF-CASIS, and Teledyne-Brown Engineering.
Funding
This work was supported by NASA Grant 80NSSC20K1726 and NSF Grant 1929134.
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PM, JA, and AH conceptualized and designed the experiment. JA prepared insulin solutions. PM and JA performed the remote ISS operations and experimental measurements. PM performed the analysis of experimental measurements and developed the ray-tracing technique. FR performed supporting computational fluid dynamics simulations. PM and JA wrote the manuscript with support from AH and FR. All listed authors critically evaluated data and results, including data interpretation, figure development, and manuscript editing.
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McMackin, P.M., Adam, J.A., Riley, F.P. et al. Single-camera PTV within interfacially sheared drops in microgravity. Exp Fluids 64, 154 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-023-03697-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-023-03697-6