Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dual-FPGA-PIV measurements of unsteady flow dynamics resonated via the duct acoustic mode with half-wavelength arranged side-branches

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Experiments in Fluids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Unsteady flow dynamics resonated via the natural acoustic mode of a duct with tandem side-branches in a unique half-wavelength arrangement were experimentally investigated. The wavelength corresponded to the first natural acoustic mode of a duct–branch system, which can be easily triggered in a low-speed flow and result in a strong flow–acoustic resonance. Considering the remote arrangement, albeit one involving close flow interactions between the faraway side-branches, a dual particle image velocimetry (PIV) setup was established to simultaneously capture the upstream and downstream side-branches. In addition, an advanced phase-locking technique based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) control system and real-time acoustic waveform recognition approach was established to increase the phase-determination accuracy. Using this dual-FPGA-PIV system, the high-frequency acoustically resonated flow dynamics could be accurately divided into multiphase-dependent flow snapshots within an extremely small acoustic period, while ensuring the high spatial resolution of the flow fields. Preliminary pressure measurements and acoustic modal analysis were conducted to confirm the occurrence of flow–acoustic resonance inside such ducts with half-wavelength arranged side-branches. Subsequently, time-averaged flow measurements were obtained using a planar-PIV system to investigate the flow dynamic variations. It was noted that the acoustic modulation effect outweighed the Reynolds number effect and dominated the intensive flow fluctuations in the duct–branch system. Thereafter, phase-dependent flow measurements were obtained using the dual-FPGA-PIV setup to illustrate the spatiotemporal evolutions of the coherent flow structures associated with the resonance in the duct–branch system. Due to the symmetric nature of the resonated first acoustic mode, synchronous in-phase movement of the streamwise shear-layer vortices occurred between the faraway upstream and downstream side-branches.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amandolese X, Hemon P, Regardin C (2004) An experimental study of the acoustic oscillations by flows over cavities. J Vib Acoust 126(2):190–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arthurs D, Ziada S (2009) Flow-excited acoustic resonances of coaxial side-branches in an annular duct. J Fluids Struct 25(1):42–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbieri R, Barbieri N (2006) Finite element acoustic simulation based shape optimization of a muffler. Appl Acoust 67(4):346–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng YF, Wang P, Liu YZ (2019) Phase-locking particle image velocimetry measurement of unsteady flow behaviors: Online dynamic mode decomposition using field-programmable gate array. Phys Fluids 31:025109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Hassan M, Keirsbulck L, Labraga L (2009) Aero-acoustic coupling inside large deep cavities at low-subsonic speeds. J Fluids Eng 131(1)

  • Forestier N, Jacquin L, Geffroy P (2003) The mixing layer over a deep cavity at high-subsonic speed. J Fluid Mech 475:101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graf HR, Durgin WW (1993) Measurement of the nonsteady flow field in the opening of a resonating cavity excited by grazing flow. J Fluids Struct 7(4):387–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graftieaux L, Michard M, Grosjean N (2001) Combining PIV, POD and vortex identification algorithms for the study of unsteady turbulent swirling flows. Meas Sci Technol 12(9):1422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jungowski WM, Botros KK, Studzinski W (1989) Cylindrical side-branch as tone generator. J Sound Vib 131(2):265–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller JJ, Escudier MP (1983) Flow-excited resonances in covered cavities. J Sound Vib 86(2):199–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larchevêque L, Sagaut P, Mary I et al (2003) Large-eddy simulation of a compressible flow past a deep cavity. Phys Fluids 15(1):193–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Someya S, Okamoto K, Inagaki T, Nishi Y (2015) Visualization study of flow-excited acoustic resonance in closed tandem side branches using high time-resolved particle image velocimetry. J Mech Sci Technol 29(3):989–999

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okuyama K, Tamura A, Takahashi S et al (2012) Flow-induced acoustic resonance at the mouth of one or two side branches. Nucl Eng Des 249:154–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oshkai P (2014) Quantitative flow imaging approach to flow-acoustic coupling in pipeline-cavity systems. J Fluid Sci Technol 9(3):JFST0026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oshkai P, Barannyk O (2013) Experimental investigation of flow-acoustic coupling in a deep axisymmetric cavity. In:ASME 2013 pressure vessels and piping conference, V004T04A024

  • Peters MCAM (1993) Aeroacoustic sources in internal flows. Eindhoven University of Technology

  • Thornber B, Drikakis D (2008) Implicit large-eddy simulation of a deep cavity using high-resolution methods. AIAA J 46(10):2634–2645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tonon D, Hirschberg A, Golliard J et al (2011a) Aeroacoustics of pipe systems with closed branches. Int J Aeroacoust 10(2–3):201–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tonon D, Willems JFH, Hirschberg A (2011b) Self-sustained oscillations in pipe systems with multiple deep side branches: Prediction and reduction by detuning. J Sound Vib 330(24):5894–5912

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Liu Y (2019) Intensified flow dynamics by second-order acoustic standing-wave mode: Vortex-excited acoustic resonances in channel branches. Phys Fluids 31(3):035105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Liu Y (2020a) Influence of diametral acoustic mode on cavity flow dynamics: Zonal large eddy simulation and proper orthogonal decomposition. Phys Fluids 32(7):075103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Liu Y (2020b) Spinning behavior of flow-acoustic resonant fields inside a cavity: Vortex-shedding modes and diametral acoustic modes. Phys Fluids 32(8):085109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Ma H, Deng Y et al (2018) Influence of vortex-excited acoustic resonance on flow dynamics in channel with coaxial side-branches. Phys Fluids 30(9):095105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Deng Y, Liu Y (2019) Vortex dynamics during acoustic-mode transition in channel branches. Phys Fluids 31(8):085109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Deng Y, Liu Y (2020) Phase-locking particle image velocimetry measurements of acoustic-driven flow interactions between tandem deep cavities. Phys Fluids 32(32):125115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao Y, Huang C, Li J et al (2020) Flow-induced acoustic resonances in closed tandem side branches with large diameter. Ann Nucl Energy 149:107783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Rockwell D, Cody KLF et al (2009) Generation of tones due to flow past a deep cavity: Effect of streamwise length. J Fluids Struct 25(2):364–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ziada S, Lafon P (2014) Flow-excited acoustic resonance excitation mechanism, design guidelines, and counter measures. 66(1)

  • Ziada S, Bühlmann ET (1992) Self-excited resonances of two side-branches in close proximity. J Fluids Struct 6(5):583–601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ziada S, Shine S (1999) Strouhal numbers of flow-excited acoustic resonance of closed side branches. J Fluids Struct 13(1):127–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.: 12172221, 11802177 and 11725209).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Lab of Education Ministry for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Peng Wang, Zhengfan Zhang, Chuangxin He & Yingzheng Liu

  2. Gas Turbine Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Peng Wang, Zhengfan Zhang, Chuangxin He & Yingzheng Liu

Authors
  1. Peng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhengfan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chuangxin He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yingzheng Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yingzheng Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, P., Zhang, Z., He, C. et al. Dual-FPGA-PIV measurements of unsteady flow dynamics resonated via the duct acoustic mode with half-wavelength arranged side-branches. Exp Fluids 63, 29 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-022-03384-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-022-03384-y

Search

Navigation