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Flow–acoustic coupling around rectangular rods of different aspect ratios and incidence angles

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Abstract

The excitation of the transverse acoustic modes of a duct by the flow around rectangular rods with sharp corners is experimentally investigated. Emphasis is given to the unique role of the rod’s flow incidence angle and its cross section aspect ratio on the flow structure and its susceptibility to resonance excitation. Two different mechanisms that lead to acoustic resonance excitation are identified. The first mechanism is triggered by the vortex shedding observed downstream of the square rod regardless of its aspect ratio. The second mechanism is triggered by the interaction of the separated shear layers from the rod’s upstream corners with the rod’s trailing edges, and it results in an abrupt excitation of the third acoustic cross-mode at conditions that depend on the side length of the rod. Moreover, the excitation of this mechanism occurs at lower flow velocities than those required to excite the first acoustic mode, which is not the case for circular cylinders in cross-flow. The Strouhal number and the symmetry of the vortex shedding from the square rod have profound dependence on the rod’s aspect ratio and its flow incidence angle, which, in turn, affect the amplitude of the excited acoustic pressure and the lock-in velocity range. Asymmetric vortex shedding can alleviate the intensity of acoustic resonance, where the minimum acoustic pressure occurs close to an incidence angle of 9\(^\circ\). However, this reduction should be carefully considered as rods at low flow incidence angles may excite resonance of higher-order acoustic cross-modes at lower flow velocities over a wider lock-in range.

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Abbreviations

\(U_\infty\) :

Inlet flow velocity

\(U_{res}\) :

Inlet flow velocity at peak of resonance

St :

Strouhal number

f :

Frequency

\(f_a\) :

Acoustic mode frequency

x, y :

Streamwise, crosswise coordinates

p :

Acoustic pressure

\(v_{a,n}\) :

Acoustic particle velocity of the \(n^{th}\) mode

h :

Rectangular cross section height

l :

Rectangular cross section side length

\(\alpha\) :

Flow incidence angle

d :

Blockage length

w :

max(h, l)

k :

Wave number

n :

Acoustic cross-mode number

c :

Speed of sound in air

\(\varphi\) :

Acoustic pressure phase angle

\(\Delta U\) :

Lock-in flow velocity range

\(\rho\) :

Flow density

\(\omega _z\) :

Vorticity in the x-y plane

Re :

Reynolds number

M :

Mach number

H :

Test section height

B :

Test section width

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

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  1. Aeroacoustics and Noise Control Laboratory, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada

    Mahmoud Shaaban & Atef Mohany

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  1. Mahmoud Shaaban
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Correspondence to Mahmoud Shaaban.

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Shaaban, M., Mohany, A. Flow–acoustic coupling around rectangular rods of different aspect ratios and incidence angles. Exp Fluids 63, 45 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-022-03380-2

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