Abstract
The vortex formation and shedding process in the near wake region of a 2D square-section cylinder at incidence has been investigated by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV). Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used to characterize the coherent large-scale flow unsteadiness that is associated with the wake vortex shedding process. A particular application of the POD analysis is to extract the vortex-shedding phase of individual velocity fields, which were acquired at asynchronous low rate with respect to the vortex shedding cycle. The phase of an individual flow field is determined from its projection on the first pair of POD modes, allowing phase averaging of the measurement data to be performed. In addition, a low-order representation of the flow, constructed from the mean and the first pair of POD modes, is found to be practically equivalent to the phase-averaged results. It is shown that this low-order representation corresponds to the basic Fourier component of the flow field ensemble with respect to the reconstructed phase. The phase-averaged flow representations reveal the dominant flow features of the vortex-shedding process and the effect of the angle of incidence upon it.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bearman PW, Trueman DM (1971) An investigation of the flow around rectangular cylinders. Aero Quart 23:229–237
Ben Chiekh M, Michard M, Grosjean N, Bera JC (2004) Reconstruction temporelle d’un champ aérodynamique instationnaire à partir de mesures PIV non résolues dans le temps. In: Proceedings of 9ème Congrès Francophone de Vélocimétrie Laser, Brussels, Belgium, September 2004, paper D.8
Berkooz G, Holmes P, Lumley JL (1993) The proper orthogonal decomposition in the analysis of turbulent flows. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 25:539–575
Durao DFG, Heitor MV, Pereira JCF (1988) Measurements of turbulent and periodic flows around a square cross-section cylinder. Exp Fluids 6:298–304
Dutta S, Muralidhar K, Panigrahi PK (2003) Influence of the orientation of a square cylinder on the wake properties. Exp Fluids 34:16–23
Hangan H, Kim J (2003) Aerodynamic slot control for 2D square prisms. J Wind Eng Ind Aero 91:1847–1857
Hussain AKMF, Reynolds W (1970) The mechanics of an organized wave in turbulent shear flow. J Fluid Mech 41:241–258
Kim JD, Havel B, Hangan H (2002a) Numerical and experimental investigation of the near wake dynamics for a square prism. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on advances in fluid mechanics (AFM 2002), Ghent, Belgium, May 2002. WIT Press, UK, pp 129–138
Kim KC, Lee MB, Yoon SY, Boo JS, Chun HH (2002b) Phase averaged velocity field in the near wake of a square cylinder obtained by a PIV method. J Visualization 5:29–36
Lourenco L, Subramanian S, Ding Z (1997) Time series velocity field reconstruction from PIV data. Meas Sci Technol 8:1533–1538
Luo SC, Yazdani MdG, Chew YT, Lee TS (1994) Effects of incidence and afterbody shape on flow past bluff cylinders. J Wind Eng Ind Aero 53:375–399
Luo SC, Chew YT, Ng YT (2003) Hysteresis phenomenon in the galloping oscillation of a square cylinder. J Fluids Struct 18:103–118
Lyn DA, Einav S, Rodi W, Park JH (1995) A laser-Doppler velocimetry study of ensemble-averaged characteristics of the turbulent near wake of a square cylinder. J Fluid Mech 304:285–319
Ma X, Karamanos GS, Karniadakis GE (2000) Dynamics and low-dimensionality of a turbulent near wake. J Fluid Mech 410:29–65
Matsumoto M (1999) Vortex shedding from bluff bodies: a review. J Fluids Struct 13:791–811
Nakamura Y, Hirata K (1994) The aerodynamic mechanism of galloping. Trans Jpn Soc Aerospace Sci 36:257–269
Parkinson GV (1989) Phenomena and modelling of flow-induced vibrations of bluff bodies. Prog Aerospace Sci 26:169–224
Scarano F (2002) Iterative image deformation methods in PIV. Meas Sci Technol 11:R1–R19
Sirovich L (1987) Turbulence and the dynamics of coherent structures. Quart Appl Math 45:561–590
Sung J, Yoo JY (2001) Three-dimensional phase averaging of time-resolved PIV measurement data. Meas Sci Technol 12:655–662
Van Oudheusden BW (1995) On the quasi-steady analysis of one-degree-of-freedom galloping with combined translational and rotational effects. Nonlin Dyn 8:435–451
van Oudheusden BW, Scarano F, Van Hinsberg NP, Manna L (2004) Quantitative visualization of the flow around a square-section cylinder at incidence. In: Proceedings of the 5th international colloquium on bluff body aerodynamics and applications (BBAA V), Ottawa, Canada, July 2004, pp 189–192 (modified and expanded paper is being prepared for publication in J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn)
Williamson CHK (1996) Vortex dynamics in the cylinder wake. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 28:477–539
Williamson CHK, Govardhan R (2004) Vortex-induced vibrations. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 36:413–455
Zdravkovich MM (1997) Flow around circular cylinders, vol 1: fundamentals. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, ISBN 0-19-856396-5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Oudheusden, B.W.v., Scarano, F., Hinsberg, N.P.v. et al. Phase-resolved characterization of vortex shedding in the near wake of a square-section cylinder at incidence. Exp Fluids 39, 86–98 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0985-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0985-5