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Two-phase electrohydrodynamics along a grooved flat heat pipe

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Abstract

The present communication reports on the investigation of the effect of an electric field on the performance of a flat plate heat pipe (FPHP). In the studied configuration, an electric stress is imposed on the liquid–vapor interface, which adds to the capillary force. The ability of the electric field to change the shape of the liquid–vapor interface is investigated by means of both a numerical and an experimental approach. The numerical approach consists in solving two strongly-coupled equations: the Laplace–Young equation and the Laplace equation for the electric potential; the latter being required to get the distribution of the normal electric stress along the meniscus, while the former is used to calculate the meniscus shape. The Laplace–Youngequation is modified accordingly to take into account the added contribution of the normal electric stress. The results of the numerical study for an application inside an FPHP are discussed. A possible enhancement of the capillary pumping is highlighted for a specific geometry of the electrode. The experimental approach is based on a test bench that consists in a tilted grooved aluminum plate equipped with a pair of horizontal electrodes filled with Novec HFE-7100 in liquid and vapor states. The effect of the electric field on the liquid distribution is observed by confocal microscopy. A good agreement is found between the experimental result and the numerical expectations. The experimental results highlight important effects of the electric field on the liquid distribution inside an FPHP, which could be ultimately used to enhance its thermal performance.

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Notes

  1. Note that a compromise must be found because strongly non-wetting fluids are also known to degrade the thermal performance of FPHP.

Abbreviations

e :

Unit vector

E :

Electric field (V/m)

F :

Electric force (N)

FR:

Filling ratio (%)

g :

Gravity acceleration (m2/s)

G :

Gain (–)

h :

Vapor spacing (m)

K :

Groove permeability (m²)

l eff :

Effective length of the groove (m)

L c :

Capillary length (m)

L v :

Latent heat of vaporization (J/kg)

\(M_{\text{c}}\) :

Merite number (W/m²)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

Q :

Power (W)

q :

Electric charge density (C/m3)

r :

Radius of curvature (m)

S :

Cross section (m²)

T :

Temperature (K)

V :

Potential (V)

w :

Width of the groove (m)

x :

Depth coordinate (m)

y :

Horizontal coordinate (m)

z :

Vertical coordinate (m)

\(\alpha\) :

Apparent angle (°)

\(\beta\) :

Inclination angle (°)

\(\varepsilon\) :

Permittivity (F/m)

\(\theta\) :

Contact angle (°)

\(\kappa\) :

Curvature (m−1)

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa/s)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg/m3)

\(\sigma\) :

Surface tension (N/m)

\(\sigma_{\text{E}}\) :

Electric conductivity (S/m)

\(\tau\) :

Electric stress (N/m²)

\(\phi\) :

Angle between the tangent at the interface and the horizontal (°)

\({\text{Bo}}\) :

Bond number

\({\text{Bo}}_{\text{E}}\) :

Electric bond number

\(x^{*}\) :

Dimensionless parameter

l:

Liquid

n:

Normal component

max:

Maximum

t:

Tangentiel component

v:

Vapor

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Acknowledgements

The Ph.D. fellowship of N. Cardin was supported by the energy ARC program of Rhône-Alpes region, which is gratefully acknowledged. The SIMaP laboratory is also part of the LabEx Tec21 (Investissements d’Avenir—Grant Agreement #ANR-11-LABX- 0030). The authors are grateful to the members of Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL, UMR5270) who were involved in the fabrication of the ITO coatings, particularly Dr. Radoslaw Mazurczyk and Dr. Jean-Louis Leclercq who kindly offered an essential support to this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Lyon, CNRS, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CETHIL UMR5008, 69621, Villeurbanne, France

    Nicolas Cardin, Stéphane Lips & Jocelyn Bonjour

  2. University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Nicolas Cardin, Samuel Siedel & Laurent Davoust

Authors
  1. Nicolas Cardin
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  2. Stéphane Lips
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  3. Samuel Siedel
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  4. Laurent Davoust
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  5. Jocelyn Bonjour
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Correspondence to Stéphane Lips.

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Cardin, N., Lips, S., Siedel, S. et al. Two-phase electrohydrodynamics along a grooved flat heat pipe. Exp Fluids 61, 170 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-03002-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-03002-9

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