Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer from a heated flat plate in a rectangular channel with an impinging air jet

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Thermal control of electronic components is a continuously emerging problem as power loads keep increasing. To solve these thermal problems impinging jets are generally used in engineering, science and industry for its good heat transfer performance. In this study; cooling of a flat plate under constant heat flux condition, inside a rectangular channel, consisting of one open and three blocked sides was experimentally and numerically investigated using a single air jet flow. The impingement surface was a copper plate of the same width as the jet nozzle. Inlet flow velocities were measured using a Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) system. Temperature measurements were performed using thermocouples. Local and mean Nu numbers were determined as a function of two parameters, (a) Jet-to-plate distance (H/D h) in the range of 4–10 and (b) Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of the slot nozzle in the range of 4000–10,000 (corresponding to an exit jet velocity from 6.5 to 16.2 m/s). Numerical investigation was also performed. Low Re number k–ε turbulence model was used during investigations. The results are presented in the form of graphs showing the variation of the local Nusselt number as a function of these parameters. The effect of Re number on local Nu number was examined for q″ = 1000 W/m2 and H/D h = 6. In general, it was observed that heat transfer is sensitive to the Reynolds number and increases with increasing Re number. Average Nusselt number increases of 49.5 % from Re = 4000 to Re = 10000. Effect of H/D h on heat transfer under impinging air jets was examined with local Nusselt numbers. Local Nusselt number was less sensitive to H/D h in the range of H/D h = 4–10. Average Nusselt number decreases of 17.9 % from H/D h = 4 to H/D h = 10. The highest average Nu number was achieved for Re = 10,000 and H/D h = 4. The numerical results agreed well with the experimental data, including local and average Nusselt numbers. Correlations are proposed to predict the local Nusselt number as a function of Re number and H/D h.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

Ains :

Surface area of insulation, m2

C 1, C 2, C µ :

Turbulence model coefficients

c p :

Specific heat of air, J/kg K

D h :

Hydraulic diameter of the Nozzle, mm

f 1, f 2, f µ :

Wall damping functions

F :

View factor

H :

Jet-to-plate distance, mm

H :

Local heat transfer coefficient, W m−2 K−1

H/D h :

Dimensionless jet-to-plate distance

\(k\) :

Turbulence kinetic energy, m2/s2

K :

Conduction coefficient, W m−1 K−1

L ins :

Thickness of insulation, m

Nu:

Local Nusselt number [Nu = Q conv.D h/(T s − T bulk).k air]

\(q^{\prime\prime}\) :

Heat flux, W m−2

Q:

Heat flow Q = Q conv+Q rad, W

p:

Pressure, Pa

Re :

Reynolds number [Re = Vj.Dh/ν]

\({Re}_{t}\) :

Turbulence Reynolds number

\({Re}_{z}\) :

Turbulence Reynolds number near the wall

T bulk :

Bulk temperature, °C

T outlet :

Temperature of fluid at outlet of channel, °C

T j :

Jet inlet temperature (T inlet), °C

T outside :

Surface temperature of outer side of insulation, °C

Tinside :

Surface temperature of insulation near to acrylic glass, °C

u, v, w :

Velocity components, m.s−1

V j :

Jet inlet velocity, m.s−1

\(\varepsilon\) :

Dissipation rate, m2/s3

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity, kg m−1 s−1

\(\mu_{\text{t}}\) :

Eddy viscosity, m2 s−1

\(\nu\) :

Kinematic viscosity, m2 s−1

ρ :

Density, kg m−3

\(\sigma_{\text{k}}\) :

Turbulent Prandtl number for k

\(\sigma_{\varepsilon }\) :

Turbulent Prandtl number for ε

\(\tau_{\text{w}}\) :

Shear stress at the wall, Pa

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamics

DNS:

Direct numerical simulation

Exp:

Experimental

j:

Jet

LES:

Large eddy simulation

LDA:

Laser doppler Anemometer

LR:

Literature review

NC:

Number of cells

Num:

Numerical

TDMA:

Tri-diagonal-matrix-algorithm

W:

Wall

References

  1. Beitelmal AH, Saad MA, Patel CD (2000) The effect of inclination on heat transfer between a flat surface and an impinging two-dimensional air jet. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 21:156–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Nada SA (2006) Slot/slots air jet impinging cooling of a cylinder for different jets-cylinder configuration. Heat Mass Transf 43:135–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hong S, Lee D, Cho H (2009) Heat/mass transfer in rotating impingement/effusion cooling with rib turbulators. Int J Heat Mass Transf 52:3109–3117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Choo K, Kim S (2010) Comparison of thermal characteristics of confined and unconfined impinging jets. Int J Heat Mass Transf 53:3366–3371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Cheng-Geng L, Jie-Min Z (2007) Experimental and numerical simulation study of heat transfer due to confined impinging circular jet. Chem Eng Technol 30(10):1355–1361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Yan WM, Liu HC, Soong CY, Yang WJ (2005) Experimental study of impinging heat transfer along rib-roughened walls by using transient liquid crystal technique. Int J Heat Mass Transf 48:2420–2428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lin ZH, Chou YJ, Hung YH (1997) Heat transfer behaviors of a confined slot jet impingement. Int J Heat Mass Transf 40:1095–1107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Isman MK, Pulat E, Etemoglu AB, Can M (2008) Numerical investigation of turbulent impinging jet cooling of a constant heat flux surface. Numer Heat Transf Appl 53:1109–1132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lytle D, Webb BW (1994) Air jet impingement heat transfer at low nozzle-plate spacings. Int J Heat Mass Transf 31:1687–1697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Caliskan S (2012) Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer from rib-roughened surfaces with different impinging jets. PhD Thesis, Gazi University

  11. Caliskan S (2013) Flow and heat transfer characteristics of transverse perforated ribs under impingement jets. Int J Heat Mass Transf 66:244–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Caliskan S, Baskaya S (2012) Experimental investigation of impinging jet array heat transfer from a surface with V-shaped and convergent-divergent ribs. Int J Therm Sci 59:234–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hoefler F, Schueren S, von Wolfersdorf J, Naik S (2012) Heat transfer characteristics of an oblique jet impingement configuration in a passage with ribbed surfaces. J Turbomach 134:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Koseoglu MF, Baskaya S (2010) The role of jet inlet geometry in impinging jet heat transfer, modeling and experiments. Int J Therm Sci 49:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Imbriale M, Ianiro A, Meola C, Cardone G (2014) Convective heat transfer by a row of jets impinging on a concave surface. Int J Therm Sci 75:153–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. San JY, Shiao WZ (2006) Effects of jet plate size and plate spacing on the stagnation Nusselt number for a confined circular air jet impinging on a flat surface. Int J Heat Mass Transf 49:3477–3486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chakroun WM, Abdel-Rahman AA, Al-Fahed SF (1998) Heat transfer augmentation for air jet impinged on a rough surface. Appl Therm Eng 18:1225–1241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Miyake G, Hirata M, Kasagi N (1999) Two-dimensional jet impinging on a wall with roughness elements. Exp Heat Transf 7:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Argus E, Rady MA, Nada SA (2006) A numerical investigation and parametric study of cooling an array of multiple protruding heat sources by a laminar slot air jet. Int J Heat Mass Transf 28:787–805

    Google Scholar 

  20. Popovac M, Hanjalic K (2007) Large-eddy simulation of flow over a jet-impinged wall-mounted cube in a cross stream. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 28(6):1360–1378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Dagtekin I, Oztop H (2007) Heat transfer due to double laminar slot jets impingement onto an isothermal wall one side closed long duct. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf 35:65–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Jia R, Rokni M, Sunden B (2001) Impingement cooling in a rib-roughened channel with cross-flow. Int J Numer Meth Heat Fluid Flow 11:642–662

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Rundstrom D, Moshfegh B (2007) Investigation of flow and heat transfer of an impinging jet in a cross-flow cooling of a heated cube. Int J Heat Mass Transf 28:1360–1378

    Google Scholar 

  24. Miao M Jr, Wu CY, Chen PH (2009) Numerical investigation of confined multiple-jet impingement cooling over a flat plate at different crossflow orientations. Numer Heat Transf Part A 55:1019–1050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sezai I, Aldabbagh LBY (2004) Three-dimensional numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of inline jet arrays. Numer Heat Transf 45:271–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mushatat KS (2007) Analysis of the turbulent flow and heat transfer of the impingement cooling in a channel with cross flow. Eng Sci 18:101–122

    Google Scholar 

  27. Yang YT, Hwang CH (2004) Numerical simulations on the hydrodynamics of a turbulent slot jet on a semicylindrical convex surface. Numer Heat Transfer 46:995–1008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang SJ, Mujumdar AS (2005) A comparative study of five low Reynolds number k–ε models for impingement heat transfer. Appl Therm Eng 25:31–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bredberg J, Davidson L (2004) Low-reynolds number turbulence models: an approach for reducing mesh sensitivity. J Fluids Eng 126:14–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Moffat RJ (1998) Describing the uncertainties in experimental results. Exp Fluid Sci 1:3–17

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Moffat RJ (1985) Using uncertainty analysis in the planning of an experiment. ASME J Fluid Eng 107:173–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Caggese O, Gnaegi G, Hannema G, Terzis A, Ott P (2000) Experimental and numerical investigation of a fully confined impingement round jet. Int J Heat Mass Transf 21:156–163

    Google Scholar 

  33. Fechter S, Terzis A, Ott P, Weigand B, Wolfersdorf JV, Cochet M, Experimental and numerical investigation of narrow impingement cooling channels. Int J Heat Mass Transf 67:1208–1219

  34. Documentation for PHOENICS Version 2009 (2009) Cham

  35. Versteeg HK, Malalasekera W (1995) an introduction to computational fluid dynamics: the finite, vol Method. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, pp 41–53

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wilcox DC (1994) Turbulence Modeling for CFD. DCW Industries

  37. Celik IB, Ghai U, Roache PJ, Freitas CJ, Coleman H, Raad PE (2008) Procedure for estimation and reporting of uncertainty due to discretization in CFD application. J Fluid Eng 130:7–0708001

    Google Scholar 

  38. Jambunathan K, Lai E, Moss MA, Button BL (1992) A review of heat transfer data for single circular jet impingement. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 13(2):106–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Carlomagno GM, Ianiro A (2014) Thermo-fluid-dynamics of submerged jets impinging at short nozzle-to-plate distance: a review. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 58:15–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kanokjaruvijit K, Martinez-Botas RF (2005) Jet impingement on a dimpled surface with different crossflow schemes. Int J Heat Mass Transf 48(1):161–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Ashforth-Frost S, Jambunathan K (1996) Numerical prediction of semi-confined jet impingement and comparison with experimental data. Int J Numer Meth Fluids 23(3):295–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Imbriale M, Ianiro A, Meola C, Cardone G (2014) Convective heat transfer by a row of jets impinging on a concave surface. Int J Therm Sci 75:153–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Meola C (2009) A new correlation of Nusselt number for impinging jets. Heat Transfer Eng 30(3):221–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Yan WM, Mei SC, Liu HC, Soong CY, Yang WJ (2004) Measurement of detailed heat transfer on a surface under arrays of impinging elliptic jets by a transient liquid crystal technique. Int J Heat Mass Transf 47:5235–5245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Chiu HC, Jang JH, Yan WM (2009) Experimental study on the heat transfer under impinging elliptic jet array along a film hole surface using liquid crystal thermograph. Int J Heat Mass Transf 52:4435–4448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Katti V, Prabhu SV (2008) Influence of spanwise pitch on local heat transfer distribution for in-line arrays of circular jets with spent air flow in two opposite directions. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 33:84–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Katti V, Prabhu SV (2009) Influence of streamwise pitch on the local heat transfer characteristics for in-line arrays of circular jets with crossflow of spent air in one direction. Heat Mass Transfer 45:1167–1184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Katti V, Prabhu SV (2009) Influence of streamwise pitch on local heat transfer distribution for in-line arrays of circular jets with spent air flow in two opposite directions. Exp Heat Transf 22(4):228–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Huzayyin AS, Nada SA, Rady MA, Faris A (2006) Cooling an array of multiple heat sources by a row of slot air jets. Int J Heat Mass Transf 49:2597–2609

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The financial support of this study by the Scientific Research Council of Turkey, through grant number 113M331, is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey

    Mustafa Kilic

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Tamer Calisir & Senol Baskaya

Authors
  1. Mustafa Kilic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tamer Calisir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Senol Baskaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mustafa Kilic.

Additional information

Technical Editor: Francis HR Franca.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kilic, M., Calisir, T. & Baskaya, S. Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer from a heated flat plate in a rectangular channel with an impinging air jet. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 39, 329–344 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0521-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0521-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation