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PIV measurements in the near wakes of hollow cylinders with holes

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Abstract

The wake flows behind fixed, hollow, rigid circular cylinders with two rows of holes connecting the front and rear stagnation lines were investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) for various combinations of three hole diameters, d = 0.1D, 0.15D, and 0.20D, six hole-to-hole distances, l = 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d, and 7d, and ten angles of incidence (α), from 0° to 45° in steps of 5°, at a Reynolds number of Re = 6,900. Time-averaged velocity distributions, instantaneous and time-averaged vorticity patterns, time-averaged streamline topology, and hot spots of turbulent kinetic energy occurred through the interaction of shear layers from the models were presented to show how the wake flow was modified by the presence of the self-issuing jets with various momentums emanating from the downstream holes. In general, as hole diameter which is directly related to jet momentum increased, the values of time-averaged wake characteristics (length of time-averaged recirculation region, vortex formation length, length of shear layers, and gap between the shear layers) increased. Irrespective to d and l tested, the values of the vortex formation length of the models are greater than that of the cylinder without hole (reference model). That is, vortex formation process was shifted downstream by aid of jets. It was found that time-averaged wake characteristics were very sensitive to α. As α increased, the variation of these characteristics can be modeled by exponential decay functions. The effect of l on the three-dimensional vortex shedding patterns in the near wake of the models was also discussed.

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Abbreviations

A:

Amplitude (mm/s)

AR:

Aspect ratio

BR:

Blockage ratio

d:

Diameter of the hole (m)

D:

Diameter of the cylinder (m)

f:

Vortex shedding frequency (Hz)

F:

Focus

Fr:

Froude number

FOV:

Field of view

g:

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

G:

Gap (m)

H:

Height (m)

HD:

Hydraulic diameter (m)

L:

Length (m)

l:

Distance between the hole centers (m)

N:

Node

q:

Quantity

Re:

Reynolds number

St:

Strouhal number

TI:

Turbulence intensity

k:

Nondimensional turbulent kinetic energy

n:

Number of holes drilled on the model

u, v, w:

Streamwise, transverse and spanwise components of the velocity (m/s)

w:

Width (m)

U:

Velocity (m/s)

x, y, z:

Streamwise, transverse and spanwise coordinate directions (m)

〈..〉:

The average over time of the enclosed quantity

α:

Angle of incidence (°)

Γ:

Nondimensional vorticity

µ:

Dynamic viscosity of the water (kg/m/s)

ρ:

Density of the water (kg/m3)

ω:

Vorticity (1/s)

ave:

Spanwise averaged

C:

Cylinder

Clo:

Wake closure

Ch:

Water channel

Cr:

Critical

F:

Vortex formation

Fro:

Frontal

h:

Hole

J:

Jet

max:

Maximum

p:

Plate

P:

Penetration

R:

Recirculation

S:

shear layer

w:

Water

∞:

Freestream

′:

Fluctuating component

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey

    Erhan Firat

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey

    Gokturk M. Ozkan & Huseyin Akilli

Authors
  1. Erhan Firat
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  2. Gokturk M. Ozkan
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  3. Huseyin Akilli
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Correspondence to Erhan Firat.

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Firat, E., Ozkan, G.M. & Akilli, H. PIV measurements in the near wakes of hollow cylinders with holes. Exp Fluids 58, 39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-017-2334-x

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