Skip to main content
Log in

Uveitis intermedia

Leitlinie der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft e. V. und des Berufsverbandes der Augenärzte Deutschlands e. V.

Intermediate uveitis

Guidelines of the German Ophthalmological Society and the Professional Association of German Ophthalmologists

  • Stellungnahmen und Empfehlungen
  • Published:
Der Ophthalmologe Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1

Notes

  1. Zirka 10 % der MS-Patienten im Erwachsenenalter bekommen eine intermediäre Uveitis, und ca. 10–15 % der Patienten mit intermediärer Uveitis (2–5 % im Kindesalter) entwickeln im weiteren Verlauf eine MS [11, 16].

Literatur

  1. Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT (2005) Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol 140(3):509–516

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Suhler EB et al (2008) Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers of the Pacific Northwest. Am J Ophthalmol 146(6):890–896

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Darrell RW, Wagener HP, Kurland LT (1962) Epidemiology of uveitis. Incidence and prevalence in a small urban community. Arch Ophthalmol 68:502–514

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gritz DC, Wong IG (2004) Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Northern California; the Northern California Epidemiology of Uveitis Study. Ophthalmology 111(3):491–500 (discussion 500)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mortensen KK SA, Goldschmidt E (1981) Uveitis. Eine epidemiologische Untersuchung. Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges 78:97–101

    Google Scholar 

  6. Vadot E (1992) Epidemiology of intermediate uveitis: a prospective study in Savoy. Dev Ophthalmol 23:33–34

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Tran VT et al (1994) Epidemiological characteristics of uveitis in Switzerland. Int Ophthalmol 18(5):293–298

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Saari KM et al (1995) Epidemiology of endogenous uveitis in south-western Finland. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 73(4):345–349

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Miettinen R (1977) Incidence of uveitis in Northern Finland. Acta Ophthalmol 55(2):252–260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Manthey KF (1988) Intraokuläre Entzündungen. Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart

  11. Jakob E et al (2009) Uveitis subtypes in a german interdisciplinary uveitis center – analysis of 1916 patients. J Rheumatol 36(1):127–136

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. McCannel CA et al (1996) Causes of uveitis in the general practice of ophthalmology. UCLA Community-Based Uveitis Study Group. Am J Ophthalmol 121(1):35–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Boskovich SA et al (1993) Systemic diseases associated with intermediate uveitis. Cleve Clin J Med 60(6):460–465

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bonfioli AA et al (2005) Intermediate uveitis. Semin Ophthalmol 20(3):147–154

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Vidovic-Valentincic N et al (2009) Intermediate uveitis: long-term course and visual outcome. Br J Ophthalmol 93(4):477–480

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Malinowski SM, Pulido JS, Folk JC (1993) Long-term visual outcome and complications associated with pars planitis. Ophthalmology 100(6):818–824 (discussion 825)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fearnley IR, Rosenthal AR (1995) Fuchs‘ heterochromic iridocyclitis revisited. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 73(2):166–170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Jones NP (1991) Fuchs‘ heterochromic uveitis: a reappraisal of the clinical spectrum. Eye (Lond) 5(Pt 6):649–661

  19. Mandeville JT, Levinson RD, Holland GN (2001) The tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome. Surv Ophthalmol 46(3):195–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Donaldson MJ et al (2007) Pars planitis: a 20-year study of incidence, clinical features, and outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol 144(6):812–817

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nussenblatt RB et al (1985) Standardization of vitreal inflammatory activity in intermediate and posterior uveitis. Ophthalmology 92(4):467–471

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ang M et al (2012) Clinical signs of uveitis associated with latent tuberculosis. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 40(7):689–696

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Quentin CD, Reiber H (2004) Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis: rubella virus antibodies and genome in aqueous humor. Am J Ophthalmol 138(1):46–54

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Groot-Mijnes JD de et al (2006) Rubella virus is associated with fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis. Am J Ophthalmol 141(1):212–214

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Roesel M et al (2009) Intravitreal and orbital floor triamcinolone acetonide injections in noninfectious uveitis: a comparative study. Ophthalmic Res 42(2):81–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bae JH, Lee CS, Lee SC (2011) Efficacy and safety of intravitreal bevacizumab compared with intravitreal and posterior sub-tenon triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of uveitic cystoid macular edema. Retina 31(1):111–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kok H et al (2005) Outcome of intravitreal triamcinolone in uveitis. Ophthalmology 112(11):1916

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Angunawela RI et al (2005) Intravitreal triamcinalone acetonide for refractory uveitic cystoid macular oedema: longterm management and outcome. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 83(5):595–599

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Lowder C et al (2011) Dexamethasone intravitreal implant for noninfectious intermediate or posterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 129(5):545–553

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Winterhalter S et al (2011) Intravitreal implants: drug carriers and carriers of hope? Ophthalmologe 108(3):222–229

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Jaffe GJ et al (2006) Fluocinolone acetonide implant (Retisert) for noninfectious posterior uveitis: thirty-four-week results of a multicenter randomized clinical study. Ophthalmology 113(6):1020–1027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Callanan DG et al (2008) Treatment of posterior uveitis with a fluocinolone acetonide implant: three-year clinical trial results. Arch Ophthalmol 126(9):1191–1201

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kempen JH et al (2010) The multicenter uveitis steroid treatment trial: rationale, design, and baseline characteristics. Am J Ophthalmol 149(4):550–561

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Smet MD de (2012) Corticosteroid intravitreal implants. Dev Ophthalmol 51:122–133

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Soheilian M et al (2010) Intravitreal bevacizumab versus triamcinolone acetonide for refractory uveitic cystoid macular edema: a randomized pilot study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 26(2):199–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Cunningham ET Jr, Wender JD (2010) Practical approach to the use of corticosteroids in patients with uveitis. Can J Ophthalmol 45(4):352–358

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Taylor SR et al (2010) New developments in corticosteroid therapy for uveitis. Ophthalmologica 224(Suppl 1):46–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Whitcup SM et al (1996) A randomized, masked, cross-over trial of acetazolamide for cystoid macular edema in patients with uveitis. Ophthalmology 103(7):1054–1062 (discussion 1062–1063)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Schilling H et al (2005) Long-term effect of acetazolamide treatment of patients with uveitic chronic cystoid macular edema is limited by persisting inflammation. Retina 25(2):182–188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Jabs DA et al (2000) Guidelines for the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders: recommendations of an expert panel. Am J Ophthalmol 130(4):492–513

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Esterberg E, Acharya NR (2012) Corticosteroid-sparing therapy: practice patterns among uveitis specialists. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2(1):21–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Vries J de et al (1990) Cyclosporin in the treatment of severe chronic idiopathic uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 74(6):344–349

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kacmaz RO et al (2010) Cyclosporine for ocular inflammatory diseases. Ophthalmology 117(3):576–584

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Nussenblatt RB et al (1991) Randomized, double-masked study of cyclosporine compared to prednisolone in the treatment of endogenous uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 112(2):138–146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Gangaputra S et al (2009) Methotrexate for ocular inflammatory diseases. Ophthalmology 116(11):2188–2198

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Malik AR, Pavesio C (2005) The use of low dose methotrexate in children with chronic anterior and intermediate uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 89(7):806–808

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Teoh SC et al (2008) Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 146(5):752–760

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Galor A et al (2008) Comparison of antimetabolite drugs as corticosteroid-sparing therapy for noninfectious ocular inflammation. Ophthalmology 115(10):1826–1832

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Thorne JE et al (2005) Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for inflammatory eye disease. Ophthalmology 112(8):1472–1477

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Doycheva D et al (2011) Long-term results of therapy with mycophenolate mofetil in ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 19(6):431–438

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Abu El-Asrar AM et al (2012) The outcomes of mycophenolate mofetil therapy combined with systemic corticosteroids in acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Acta Ophthalmol 90(8):e603–e608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Doycheva D et al (2012) Mycophenolate mofetil in the therapy of uveitic macular edema – long-term results. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 20(3):203–211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Lau CH, Comer M, Lightman S (2003) Long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in the control of severe intraocular inflammation. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 31(6):487–491

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Siepmann K et al (2006) Mycophenolate mofetil is a highly effective and safe immunosuppressive agent for the treatment of uveitis: a retrospective analysis of 106 patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 244(7):788–794

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Murphy CC et al (2005) Cyclosporine vs tacrolimus therapy for posterior and intermediate uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 123(5):634–641

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Hogan AC et al (2007) Long-term efficacy and tolerance of tacrolimus for the treatment of uveitis. Ophthalmology 114(5):1000–1006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Pacheco PA et al (2008) Azathioprine in the management of autoimmune uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 16(4):161–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Yazici H et al (1990) A controlled trial of azathioprine in Behcet’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 322(5):281–285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Greenwood AJ, Stanford MR, Graham EM (1998) The role of azathioprine in the management of retinal vasculitis. Eye (Lond) 12(Pt 5):783–788

  60. Roy M (2007) Early clinical experience with leflunomide in uveitis. Can J Ophthalmol 42(4):634

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Molina C et al (2013) Leflunomide, a valid and safe drug for the treatment of chronic anterior uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 32(11):1673–1675

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Mackensen F, Max R, Becker MD (2009) Interferons and their potential in the treatment of ocular inflammation. Clin Ophthalmol 3:559–566

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Deuter C, Stubiger N, Zierhut M (2012) Interferon-alpha therapy in noninfectious uveitis. Dev Ophthalmol 51:90–97

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Mackensen F et al (2013) Interferon versus Methotrexate in Intermediate Uveitis With Macular Edema: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol 156(3):478–486

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Missotten T et al (2007) Octreotide long-acting repeatable for the treatment of chronic macular edema in uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 144(6):838–843

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Cordero-Coma M, Yilmaz T, Onal S (2013) Systematic review of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy for treatment of immune-mediated uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 21(1):12–20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Rubbert-Roth A (2012) Assessing the safety of biologic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 51(Suppl 5):v38–v47

  68. Becker M, Davis J (2005) Vitrectomy in the treatment of uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 140(6):1096–1105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to F. Mackensen.

Additional information

__ ___

Leitlinie Nr. 24a, Stand: Juli 2014

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mackensen, F., Baydoun, L., Garweg, J. et al. Uveitis intermedia. Ophthalmologe 111, 1033–1040 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-014-3198-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-014-3198-6

Navigation