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Trends in the cause of death among patients with bladder cancer in the US SEER population, 1992–2018

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Abstract

Background

Bladder cancer (BC) survival has shown no significant improvement. This study investigated the trends in the common causes of death among patients with BC to improve the management and survival of BC.

Method

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) (1992–2018) database was utilized to get the data of BC patients. We presented the proportion of six common causes of death in BC patients. We calculated the annual incidence of death due to the six most common causes and analyzed temporal trends in mortality rates using joinpoint regression. The competitive risk model was utilized to analyze the risk factors for death of BC and other causes.

Results

198037 BC patients were enrolled. BC was the most common cause of death (30.62%), followed by other cancers (22.22%), circulatory diseases (20.28%), non-disease causes (11.58%), other non-cancer diseases (8.29%), and respiratory diseases (7.01%). However, the proportion of cases dying from BC gradually decreased from 44.87% in 1992–1996 to 26.74% in 2012–2018. The proportion of deaths due to BC decreased gradually with survival time from diagnosis. Age-standardized temporal trends present an initial increase in BC-specific and other-cause mortality rates. Advanced stage and older age were the most influential risk factors for BC-specific and other-cause death, respectively.

Conclusion

Although BC was still the leading cause of death, other causes, especially other cancers and circulatory diseases, gradually became more critical. The management of other comorbid conditions will be a crucial part of the treatment for BC patients, especially for those with prolonged survival and NMIBC tumors.

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Funding

Funding was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R. China, Grant no. 81960512.

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Author notes

  1. Xiangpeng Zhan and Luyao Chen contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China

    Xiangpeng Zhan, Luyao Chen, Ming Jiang & Bin Fu

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  1. Xiangpeng Zhan
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  2. Luyao Chen
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Correspondence to Bin Fu.

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Supplementary Information

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Supplementary file1 (TIF 7882 kb)

345_2022_3971_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 2: Distribution of the most common causesof death in bladder cancer patients by survival time. (A) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients; (B) formuscle invasive bladder cancer patients (TIF 2126 kb)

345_2022_3971_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 3: Distribution of the most common causes ofdeath in bladder cancer patients by survival time. (A) for patients with localized stage; (B) for patients with regionalstage; (C) for patients with distant stage (TIF 3422 kb)

345_2022_3971_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 4: Distribution of the most common causes ofdeath in bladder cancer patients by survival time. (A) for female patients; (B) for male patients (TIF 2864 kb)

345_2022_3971_MOESM5_ESM.tif

SupplementaryFigure 5: Distribution of the most common causes of death in bladder cancer patients by survival time. (A) forpatients age <60; (B) for patients 60-70; (C) for patients >70; (D) for white patients; (E) for black patients (F) forother patients (TIF 1329 kb)

345_2022_3971_MOESM6_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 6: Multivariable adjusted cumulative incidence function curve of patients withbladder cancer (BC) for BC-specific death and other cause-specific death by (A) age (<60; 60-70; >70), (B)sex(male; female), (C) race(white; black, other race), (D) stage(localized, regional, distant), (E) whether involvemuscle(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, muscle invasive bladder cancer) (TIF 5925 kb)

Supplementary file7 (TIF 11096 kb)

Supplementary file8 (DOCX 20 kb)

Supplementary file9 (DOCX 16 kb)

Supplementary file10 (DOCX 17 kb)

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Zhan, X., Chen, L., Jiang, M. et al. Trends in the cause of death among patients with bladder cancer in the US SEER population, 1992–2018. World J Urol 40, 1497–1503 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-022-03971-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-022-03971-y

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