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Recent Advances in Plant Drought Tolerance

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Abstract

Drought stress (DS) is a recurrent and severe meteorological challenge affecting agricultural regions globally, leading to significant shifts in plant species distribution and substantial reductions in crop yields. The seasonal occurrence, intensity, and duration of DS vary in response to changing climatic conditions. Plants deploy various physio-biochemical and anatomical alterations to combat such conditions, including stomatal closure, modified root growth and architecture, shifts in metabolic pathways, and altered physiological responses. Moreover, metabolic shifts and physio-chemical adaptations under DS often shorten plant life cycles, reducing yields. Nevertheless, the impact of DS on plants depends on the soil water gradient, precipitation duration and degree, plant species, and developmental stage. This review elucidates the complex effects of DS on trait variations, highlighting the current knowledge on advances in genetic engineering, breeding, and agronomic approaches and exploring potential strategies to increase yield and develop drought-resistant crops.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support received from Sultan Qaboos University through His Majesty Trust Fund (SR/AGR/CROP/19/01) is acknowledged.

Author Contributions

MF conceived the idea and prepared the outline and the first draft. NZ, AW, NZ, MBH and KHMS contributed to the draft and improved the article. All authors approved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123, Oman

    Muhammad Farooq

  2. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia

    Muhammad Farooq & Kadambot H. M. Siddique

  3. Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Abdul Wahid & Noreen Zahra

  4. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Bilal Hafeez

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  1. Muhammad Farooq
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  4. Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
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  5. Kadambot H. M. Siddique
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Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Zahra, N. et al. Recent Advances in Plant Drought Tolerance. J Plant Growth Regul (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11351-6

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