Abstract
Drought stress can impair plant growth and development. Nitric oxide (NO), a gas signaling molecule, delays injuries caused by abiotic stress. This study explored the roles of NO during adventitious rooting in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under drought stress. Our results found that 0.05% (W/V) polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) treatment significantly suppressed adventitious root formation, but 10 μM GSNO (a NO donor) treatment could significantly reverse the negative effect of drought stress. Under drought stress, MDA, H2O2 and O2·− accumulation were increased during rooting. Nevertheless, the application of exogenous NO decreased reactive oxygen (ROS) accumulation, revealing that NO might play an essential role in improving drought tolerance. Compared with PEG treatment, PEG + GSNO treatment enhanced the level of glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AsA), and GSH/GSSG ratio, while decreasing glutathione disulfde (GSSG) content. In comparison with PEG treatment, PEG + GSNO treatment significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (APX, AAO, GR, and MDHAR) and the expression level of related enzyme genes (CsAPX, CsAAO, CsGR, and CsMDHAR). In addition, PEG + GSNO treatment also increased endogenous NO and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) content, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and total S-nitrosylated proteins, and the expression of CsNR, while PEG + GSNO treatment decreased S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity, suggesting that protein S-nitrosylation might be involved in adventitious rooting under drought stress. In summary, our results indicate that NO could promote adventitious root formation under drought stress via regulating ascorbate glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway cycle and protein posttranslational S-nitrosylation.
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Abbreviations
- AAO:
-
Ascorbic acid oxidase
- APX:
-
Ascorbate peroxidase
- AsA:
-
Ascorbic acid
- AsA-GSH:
-
Ascorbate glutathione
- Con:
-
Control
- DAF-FM DA:
-
4-amino-5-methylamino-2’, 7’-diaminofluoresceindiacetate
- DW:
-
Dry weight
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- GR:
-
Glutathione reductase
- GSNO:
-
S-Nitrosoglutathione
- GSNOR:
-
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase
- GSSG:
-
Glutathione disulfde
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- MDHAR:
-
Monodehydroasorbate reductase
- NR:
-
Nitrate reductase
- O2 ·− :
-
superoxide anion
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene glycol 6000
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time PCR
- RWC:
-
Relative water content
- SNO:
-
S-nitrosothiol
- TW:
-
Turgid weight
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 32072559, 31860568, 31560563 and 31160398); the Fostering Foundation for the Excellent PH.D. Dissertation of Gansu Agricultural University (YB2022004); the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China (No. 21YF5WA096); the National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFD1000800); the Research Fund of Higher Education of Gansu, China (Nos. 2018C-14 and 2019B-082); the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, China (Nos. 1606RJZA073, 1606RJZA077, and 1606RJYA252).
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The authors Weibiao Liao contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection was performed by Xuemei Hou, Yuanyuan Dan, Nana Qi, Changxia Li, Yihua Li, and Yandong Yao, Xuemei Hou and Meiling Zhang were involved in the experiments and data analysis. Xuemei Hou wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Weibiao Liao revised the manuscript to present form. All authors read and approved the same for publication.
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Hou, X., Dan, Y., Qi, N. et al. Nitric Oxide Promotes Adventitious Rooting in Cucumber Under Drought Stress Through Regulating Ascorbate Glutathione Cycle and Protein S-Nitrosylation. J Plant Growth Regul (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11304-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11304-z