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Inoculation of Methylotrophic Bacteria Ameliorate Summer Heat Stress and Enhance the Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) Growth, Physiology and Antioxidants Properties

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Abstract

Heat stress has a substantial impact on black gram (Vigna mungo L.) by reducing growth, grain yield, and quality. Black gram is highly sensitive to temperature; it requires a range of 27–35 °C for flowering and pod formation. Therefore, to mitigate heat stress during the summer season in black gram, phyllosphere-associated methylotrophic bacteria (Methylobacterium brachiatum (KD1 and SD3), M. thiocyanatum (SD2), and Methylorubrum populi (KD5) were chosen from the previously identified strains. Screening for plant growth-promoting properties revealed that all strains (KD1, KD5, SD2, and SD3) were able to grow on nitrogen-free (N2) medium, produced siderophore (12.57 to 69.10%), indole-acetic acid (IAA) like substances (91.93 to 94.14 µg/mL), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) (0. 34 to 1.33 nmol α-ketobutyrate/mg protein/h). A pot study experiment during the summer season (average temperature 42 °C) revealed that black gram seeds treated with methylotrophic bacteria had a higher biomass. Moreover, the chlorophyll content was significantly enhanced, ranging from least 188.00% to maximum 264.94%, and carotenoid pigments ranging from least 104.82% to maximum 155.10% compared to the control plants group. Similarly, the inoculation with methylotrophs also enhanced antioxidant enzymes such as POD in leaves (with least 7.14 and maximum 66.66%) and stems (with least 2.94 and maximum 191.17%), SOD (with least 92.30 and maximum 607.69%) and (with least 30.76 and maximum 150.00%), and PAL (with least 1.33 and maximum 89.33%) and (with least 25.58 and maximum 60.46%) compared to the control plants. In addition, Methylobacterium strains reduced oxidative stress in plants by managing the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radicals (O2.−). These results showed that methylotrophs have a strong ability to protect black gram plants, and enhance their biomass under heat stress.

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Acknowledgements

HAG thanks the Gujarat government for providing the SHODH fellowship (ScHeme of High-Quality Research Fellowship) for pursuing Ph.D.

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  1. C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat, 394 350, India

    Harshida A. Gamit & Natarajan Amaresan

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NA: designed the study and edited final manuscript; HAG: performed the experiments, analyzed data and wrote the initial manuscript.

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Gamit, H.A., Amaresan, N. Inoculation of Methylotrophic Bacteria Ameliorate Summer Heat Stress and Enhance the Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) Growth, Physiology and Antioxidants Properties. J Plant Growth Regul (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11251-9

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