Abstract
The effects of growth regulators, organic nitrogen sources (amino acids and casein hydrolysate), coconut water, polyethylene glycol, dexamethasone, putrescine, sodium nitroprusside, and calcium chloride were studied on somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in Pterocarpus santalinus using immature zygotic embryo. The maximum frequency (83.33%) of embryogenesis, number of globular-staged embryos (88.00), number of cotyledonary-staged embryos (10.66), and number of plantlets (8.66) were obtained at 4 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) + 0.1 mg/l BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine). Amino acids (proline, glutamine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine) and polyethylene glycol enhanced somatic embryogenesis. The addition of proline, glutamine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine at 100 mg/l each + 2% polyethylene glycol with 4 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.1 mg/l BAP resulted in maximum embryogenic frequency (100%), number of globular-staged embryos (155.00), number of cotyledonary-staged embryos (33.33), and number of plantlets regenerated (15.33). The plantlets obtained were acclimatized well and survived 100% in laboratory and greenhouse environments. The non-embryogenic and embryogenic development were discerned by histological examination. The study might have prospects concerning molecular studies and large-scale multiplication of P. santalinus or other endangered legume woody species.
Key Message
2,4-D, BAP, amino acids, and polyethylene glycol significantly affected somatic embryogenesis in Pterocarpus santalinus.
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Data Availability
Data will be made available by the corresponding author on a reasonable reason request.
Conflict of Interest
All the authors declared no conflict of interest concerning any part of the manuscript.
Abbreviations
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BAP:
-
6-Benzylaminopurine
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA:
-
α-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- PGR:
-
Plant growth regulator
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene glycol
- DEX:
-
Dexamethasone
- SNP:
-
Sodium nitroprusside
- LAF:
-
Laminar Air Flow
- DDW:
-
Doubled distilled-water
- IAA:
-
Indole-3-acetic acid
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The financial support provided by the SCIENCE & ENGINEERING RESEARCH BOARD (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for the major research project under a core research grant to Dr. Nasim Akhtar (Principal Investigator) and Dr. K. Viswanatha Chaitanya (Co-investigator) (sanction order no. CRG/2018/000517 dated 24.6.2019) is gratefully acknowledged.
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The corresponding author, Dr. Nasim Akhtar, conceived the manuscript’s concept, layout, and design. The whole manuscript, including the figure and the text, is developed, written, and revised by the first author Tanushree Chakraborty. The manuscript was reviewed and edited several times by authors Dr. K. Viswanatha Chaitanya and Dr. Nasim Akhtar.
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Chakraborty, T., Chaitanya, K.V. & Akhtar, N. Effects of Growth Regulators, Organic Nitrogen Sources, Various Nutrient, and Non-Nutrient Adjuvants on Somatic Embryogenesis in Red Sandalwood (Pterocarpus Santalinus). J Plant Growth Regul 43, 1026–1041 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11157-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11157-y