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Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes Terminal Heat Stress Recovery in Wheat by Strengthening Leaf Physiological Functioning

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Abstract

Wheat crops are highly sensitive to high temperatures during reproductive and grain filling phases. This study explored how hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) protects grain yield formation in wheat crops exposed to heat during different developmental phases. Two wheat genotypes, Ujala-16 and Anaj-17, of varying heat tolerances, were subjected to heat stress (32 °C/20 °C) at pre-anthesis, anthesis, and post-anthesis stages under glasshouse and field conditions. Before heat stress treatment, the plants were sprayed with 60-ppm hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Post-stress changes in leaf physiology were studied to understand the heat recovery mechanism. Despite significant genotypic variations, high temperature damaged leaf physiology and grain yield of both studied wheat genotypes. On average, high temperatures during any developmental phase caused more damage to Anaj-17 than to Ujala-16. Compared with the control, the plants heated during pre-anthesis, anthesis, and post-anthesis produced 44%, 35%, and 25% lesser grains yield per spike (averaged across genotypes and experiments), respectively. In contrast, post-anthesis-stressed plants produced the smallest grains compared to those heated during pre-anthesis or at anthesis. Compared with the control, H2O2-treated plants sustained significantly higher leaf chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate by protecting cellular membranes from heat injury. Under hot conditions, hydrogen peroxide-treated plants yielded 17% more grains (averaged across the developmental phases and genotypes) than control plants. Our study suggests wheat performance can be improved through exogenous H2O2 application, particularly during terminal heat stress.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly thankful to the Directorate of Agronomy, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad Pakistan, Analytical Lab, Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan and Medicinal Plant Bio-chemistry Lab, Department of Bio-chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan for providing technical support.

Funding

Authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (Grant No. RSP-2021/347), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Hamza Maqsood, Saddam Hussain & Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid

  2. Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Siraj Ahmed, Muhammad Kashif Munir & Muhammad Zafar

  3. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia

    Najeeb Ullah

  4. Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam

    Najeeb Ullah

  5. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Ali Khoddami

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MS, MFS, SA, and NU designed and wrote the manuscript. MKM, SH, HM, and MZ helped in data recording and data analysis. SH, MHS, and HM reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the submitted version.

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Sarwar, M., Saleem, M.F., Ahmed, S. et al. Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes Terminal Heat Stress Recovery in Wheat by Strengthening Leaf Physiological Functioning. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 4176–4192 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10882-0

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