Abstract
Encapsulation technology is a cost-effective method for conserving genetic resources, and it can provide a more stable environment so that plant materials can be stored for a longer period than with direct storage. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we compared the hormone changes in encapsulated and nonencapsulated rhizomes stored in three different environments: 25 °C light, 25 °C dark, and 4 °C dark. A plant hormone analysis method based on the LC–MS/MS platform identified a total of 55 endogenous plant hormones distributed among six classes: ABAs, AXs, CKs, GAs, Jas, and SAs. PCA and HCA showed that the hormone profiles of rhizomes in different environments could be classified into three groups: the control group, encapsulation group, and nonencapsulation group. Compared with the control group, AXs (IAA-Asp and IAA-Glc), CKs (2MeScZR and K9G), and GAs (GA19 and GA53) decreased significantly, and ABAs (ABA-GE) and CKs (cZ9G, DZ and mT) increased significantly in all experimental groups. In addition, ABAs (ABA) and CKs (BAP) specifically decreased in the encapsulation group, while in the nonencapsulation group, CKs (BAPR) specifically decreased, and AXs (IAA-Ala) and CKs (tZOG) increased. Comparison of the encapsulation group and nonencapsulation group revealed that AXs (ICAld) and CKs (BAP and pT) specifically increased in the nonencapsulation group, while CKs (BAPR) and JAs (OPC-4 and JA) specifically increased in the encapsulation group. The current study obtained a comprehensive view of the hormone responses to various storage environments and improved our understanding of the mechanisms facilitating the longer storage of encapsulated tissues.
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Abbreviations
- ABA(s):
-
Abscisic acid(s)
- ABA-GE:
-
ABA-glucosyl ester
- AX(s):
-
Auxins
- 2MeScZR:
-
2-Methylthio-cis-zeatin riboside
- BAP:
-
6-Benzyladenine
- IAA-Phe:
-
N-(3-Indolylacetyl)-L-phenylalanine
- IAA-Trp:
-
Indole-3-acetyl-L-tryptophan
- IAA-Val-Me:
-
Indole-3-acetyl-L-valine methyl ester
- ICA:
-
Indole-3-carboxylic Acid
- BAPR:
-
6-Benzyladenosine
- CK(s):
-
Cytokinins
- cZ9G:
-
Cis-Zeatin-9-glucoside
- cZR:
-
Cis-Zeatin riboside
- ICAld:
-
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde
- IP:
-
N6-isopentenyladenine
- IPR:
-
N6-isopentenyladenosine
- JA(s):
-
Jasmonic Acid(s)
- JA-ILE:
-
Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine
- cZROG:
-
Cis-Zeatin-O-glucoside riboside
- JA-Phe:
-
N-[(-)-Jasmonoyl]-(l)-phenalanine
- DHZ7G:
-
Dihydrozeatin-7-glucoside
- JA-Val:
-
N-[(-)-Jasmonoyl]-(L)-valine
- DHZROG:
-
Dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside riboside
- K:
-
Kinetin
- DZ:
-
Dihydrozeatin
- K9G:
-
Kinetin-9-glucoside
- ET:
-
Ethylene
- LC–MS/MS:
-
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- GA(s):
-
Gibberellin(s)
- MEIAA:
-
Methyl indole-3-acetate
- GA15:
-
Gibberellin A15
- MEJA:
-
Methyl jasmonate
- GA19:
-
Gibberellin A19
- GA20:
-
Gibberellin A20
- NAA:
-
α-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- mT:
-
Meta-Topolin
- GA24:
-
Gibberellin A24
- OPC-4:
-
3-Oxo-2-(2-(Z)-Pentenyl) cyclopentane-1-butyric acid
- GA3:
-
Gibberellin A3
- OPDA:
-
Cis( +)-12-Oxophytodienoic acid
- GA53:
-
Gibberellin A53
- oT:
-
Ortho-Topolin
- HCA:
-
Hierarchical cluster analysis
- oT9G:
-
Ortho-Topolin-9-glucoside
- H2JA:
-
Dihydrojasmonic acid
- OxIAA:
-
2-Oxindole-3-acetic acid
- IAA:
-
Indole-3-acetic acid
- PCA:
-
Principal component analysis
- IAA- Ala:
-
N-(3-Indolylacetyl)-L-alanine
- pT:
-
Para-Topolin
- IAA-Asp:
-
Indole-3-acetyl-L-aspartic acid
- pT9G:
-
4-[[(9-Beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-9H-purin-6-yl) amino] methyl] phenol
- IAA-Glc:
-
1-O-indol-3-ylacetylglucose
- pTR:
-
Para-Topolin riboside
- IAA-Glu:
-
Indoleacetyl glutamic acid
- SA(s):
-
Salicylic acid(s)
- IAA-Gly:
-
Indole-3-acetyl glycine
- SAG:
-
Salicylic acid 2-O-β-Glucoside
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Zhejiang province public welfare technology application research project (LGN19C150002).
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Fu designed and supervised this study. Fu performed the experiments and data analysis. Zhou, Yang, Ying, and Xu assisted in completing in vitro cultivation of plant materials. Fu wrote the manuscript.
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Fu, S., Zhou, Z., Yang, Y. et al. Hormonal Profiling of Encapsulated and Nonencapsulated Rhizomes of Chinese Cymbidium in Different Storage Environments. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 1006–1016 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10609-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10609-1