Abstract
Bcl-2-associated anthogenes (BAGs), chaperone regulators are known to regulate programmed cell death in plants. In the present study, we have identified eight BAG genes in the rice (Oryza sativa) genome. Subsequently, to understand the evolution, 78 BAG homologs were identified in other nine Oryza species. In addition to the signature ubiquitin-like domain, an additional conserved sequence of 12 amino acids was found in all the class I BAG genes except few exceptions in wild species. A significantly variable number of BAG genes was identified in different Oryza species indicates the expansion of BAG genes due to segmental duplication. Based on whole genome resequencing information available for 4726 rice genotypes, haplotype diversity and the functional effect of variations in BAG genes were predicted. Transcriptomic analyses further suggested the multifunctional roles of BAG genes during both developmental and defense response in Oryza species. Differential expression of BAG genes particularly BAG3 and BAG5 was observed under heavy metal stress. Similarly, higher expression of OsBAG1 and OsBAG2 were found in resistant rice cultivar in response to Magnaporthe oryzae infection and OsBAG2 showed upregulation in response to Xanthomonas oryzae infection as well. A similar expression of BAG genes was observed in the qRT-PCR analysis. Furthermore, heterologous transient expression of OInBAG6 protein tagged with yellow fluorescent protein in tobacco leaves showed the subcellular localization in both nucleus and plasma membrane. This study will help to understand the evolution of BAG genes and their role in cell death under stress conditions in rice.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, for the Ramalingaswami Fellowship Award to H.S. and R.D., and for grants BT/PR32853/AGIII/103/1159/2019 and BTINIGPER/Flagship-Prog/2018-19 to H.S., R.D., and T.R.S.; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for granting senior research fellowship to R.B.; and the Department of Science and Technology for JC Bose Fellowship to T.R.S., and research grant (CRG/2019/006599) to R.D., H.S., and T.R.S.; authors are also thankful to Ganesh Prakashan, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India for sharing Magnaporthe oryzae isolate and valuable inputs.
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This research was funded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
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Data curation: RB and SK; Cloning and Transient expression analysis: RJ; Formal analysis: RB, PD, and SK; Funding acquisition: HS, RD, and TRS; Methodology: RB, SK, PD, SS, and AK; Software: AK and SS; Supervision: HS, RD, and TRS; Validation: RB and PD; Visualization: RB, AK, PD, and SK; Writing—original draft: RB; Writing—review & editing: HS, RD, and TRS. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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344_2021_10552_MOESM14_ESM.txt
Supplementary File 1 The Multiple sequence alignment file of 78 BAG genes retrieved by clustal omega (clustal O (1.2.4) multiple sequence alignment) online tool in both wild and cultivated Oryza species. (TXT 93 kb)
344_2021_10552_MOESM15_ESM.docx
Supplementary File 2 Gene expression of OsJaBAGs genes under different stress conditions constructed by Bio-Analytic Resource for Plant Biology (https://ricexpro.dna.affrc.go.jp/data-set.html) (DOCX 2389 kb)
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Bansal, R., Kumawat, S., Dhiman, P. et al. Evolution of Bcl-2 Anthogenes (BAG) as the Regulators of Cell Death in Wild and Cultivated Oryza Species. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 348–364 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10552-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10552-7