Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Dopamine on Antioxidation, Mineral Nutrients, and Fruit Quality in Cucumber Under Nitrate Stress

  • Published:
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In greenhouses, growth of plants is affected by accumulation of nitrate in the soil due to extended durations of nitrogen fertilizer application. Dopamine has been shown to play an important role in plant growth and stress resistance. We studied effects of dopamine on antioxidation, mineral nutrients, and fruit quality in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. “Jin You No. 1”) under nitrate stress. Excessive nitrate inhibited root growth, resulting in reduced root length, volume, and activity. The content of malondialdehyde and superoxide anion increased significantly, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase increased, whereas peroxidase decreased under high-nitrate conditions. We also found that the length, cross-sectional diameter, and total yield of fruits were significantly decreased under nitrate stress. Moreover, fruit quality, such as reducing sugar, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and vitamin C, was significantly reduced under high-nitrate conditions. Excessive nitrate caused accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in the roots, stems, and leaves of plants, but reduced accumulation of phosphorus. Conversely, dopamine promoted root growth and root activity, reduced malondialdehyde and superoxide anion content, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, improved yield and quality, and balanced ion absorption. Our results show that dopamine plays an overall positive role for cucumbers under nitrate stress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbasi H, Jamil M, Haq A, Ali S, Ahmad R, Malik Z, Parveen (2016) Salt stress manifestation on plants, mechanism of salt tolerance and potassium role in alleviating it: a review. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 103(2):229–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahammed GJ, Wang Y, Mao Q, Wu M, Yan Y, Ren J, Wang X, Liu A, Chen S (2020) Dopamine alleviates bisphenol A-induced phytotoxicity by enhancing antioxidant and detoxification potential in cucumber. Environ Pollut 259:113957

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad A, Khan WU, Shah AA, Yasin NA, Ali A, Rizwan M, Ali S (2021) Dopamine alleviates hydrocarbon stress in Brassica oleracea through modulation of physio-biochemical attributes and antioxidant defense systems. Chemosphere 270:128633

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JA (2002) Catalase activity, hydrogen peroxide content and thermotolerance of pepper leaves. Sci Hortic 95(4):277–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Başkan KS, Tütem E, Akyüz E, Özen S, Apak R (2016) Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay based on cupric reduction. Talanta 147:162–168

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beauchamp C, Fridovich I (1971) Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 44(1):276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cortelazzo AL, Marais M, Joseleau J (1996) Changes in peroxidases in the suspension culture of Rubus fruticosus during growth. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 46(1):27–33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton DA, Hanus FJ, Russell SA, Evans HJ (1987) Purification, properties, and distribution of ascorbate peroxidase in legume root nodules. Plant Physiol 83(4):789–794

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dhindsa RS, Matowe W (1981) Drought tolerance in two mosses: correlated with enzymatic defence against lipid peroxidation. J Exp Bot 32(1):79–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumanović J, Nepovimova E, Natić M, Kuča K, Jaćević V (2021) The significance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system in plants: a concise overview. Front Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.552969

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Elstner EF, Konze JR, Selman BR, Stoffer C (1976) Ethylene formation in sugar beet leaves. Plant Physiol 58:163

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fan H, Ding L, Xu Y, Du C (2017) Seed germination, seedling growth and antioxidant system responses in cucumber exposed to Ca(NO3)2. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 58(6):548–559

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fariduddin Q, Zaid A, Mohammad F (2019) Plant growth regulators and salt stress: mechanism of tolerance trade-off. Salt Stress Microbes Plant Interact Causes Solution 1:91–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao T, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhao K, Shan L, Wu Q, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ma F, Li C (2020) Exogenous dopamine and overexpression of the dopamine synthase gene MdTYDC alleviated apple replant disease. Tree Physiol 41(8):1524–1541

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomes BR, Siqueira-Soares RDC, Santos WDD, Marchiosi R, Soares AR, Ferrarese-Filho O (2014) The effects of dopamine on antioxidant enzymes activities and reactive oxygen species levels in soybean roots. Plant Signal Behav 9(12):e977704

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Guidotti BB, Gomes BR, Siqueira-Soares RDC, Soares AR, Ferrarese-Filho O (2013) Plant Signal Behav 8(9):e25477.

  • Guo Z, Liang Y, Yan J, Yang E, Li K, Xu H (2018) Physiological response and transcription profiling analysis reveals the role of H2S in alleviating excess nitrate stress tolerance in tomato roots. Plant Physiol Biochem 124:59–69

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Han B, Guo S, He C, Yan Y, Yu X (2012) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) on the plant growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality of cucumber under salt stress. Chin J Appl Ecol 23(1):154

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Bie Z, Tang R, Cao Q (2009) Improving the fruit yield and quality of cucumber by grafting onto the salt tolerant rootstock under NaCl stress. Sci Hortic 122(1):26–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiao XY, Li YX, Zhang XZ, Liu CL, Liang W, Li C, Ma FW, Li CY (2019) Exogenous dopamine application promotes alkali tolerance of apple seedlings. Plants-Basel.

  • Jiao C, Lan G, Sun Y, Wang G, Sun Y (2021) Dopamine alleviates chilling stress in watermelon seedlings via modulation of proline content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and polyamine metabolism. J Plant Growth Regul 40:277–292

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ju XT, Kou CL, Christie P, Dou ZX, Zhang FS (2007) Changes in the soil environment from excessive application of fertilizers and manures to two contrasting intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain. Environ Pollut 145(2):497–506

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanazawa K, Sakakibara H (2000) High content of dopamine, a strong antioxidant, in Cavendish banana. J Agric Food Chem 48(3):844–848

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kulma A, Szopa J (2007) Catecholamines are active compounds in plants. Plant Sci 172(3):433–440

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar R, Khurana A, Sharma AK (2014) Role of plant hormones and their interplay in development and ripening of fleshy fruits. J Exp Bot 65:4561–4575

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lan G, Jiao C, Wang G, Sun Y, Sun Y (2020) Effects of dopamine on growth, carbon metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber under nitrate stress. Sci Hortic 260:108790

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Li X, Tian H, Meng J, He Q (2008) Higher chilling-tolerance of grafted-cucumber seedling leaves upon exposure to chilling stress. Agric Sci China 7(5):570–576

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Sun X, Chang C, Jia D, Wei Z, Li C, Ma F (2015a) Dopamine alleviates salt-induced stress in Malus hupehensis. Physiol Plant 153(4):584–602

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Yan JP, Yang E, Bai XG, Long J, Li KZ, Xu HN (2015b) Effects of exogenous H2S on the germination of tomato seeds under nitrate stress. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 90(1):39–46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Liu H, Wang H, Luo J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhai L, Lei Q, Ren T, Li Y, Bashir MA (2018) Managing irrigation and fertilization for the sustainable cultivation of greenhouse vegetables. Agric Water Manag 210:354–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang B, Li C, Li C, Ma F, Ma C, Wei Z, Wang Q, Huang D, Chen Q (2017) Dopamine alleviates nutrient deficiency-induced stress in Malus hupehensis. Plant Physiol Biochem 119:346–359

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang B, Gao T, Zhao Q, Ma C, Chen Q, Wei Z, Li C, Li C, Ma F (2018) Effects of exogenous dopamine on the uptake, transport, and resorption of apple ionome under moderate drought. Front Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00755

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ma C, Ban TT, Yu HJ, Li Q, Li XH, Jiang WJ, Xie JM (2019) Urea addition promotes the metabolism and utilization of nitrogen in cucumber. Agronomy-Basel.

  • Malamy JE (2005) Intrinsic and environmental response pathways that regulate root system architecture. Plant Cell Environ 28:67–77

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manuel Ruiz J, Romero L (1999) Cucumber yield and nitrogen metabolism in response to nitrogen supply. Sci Hortic 82:309–316

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McAtee P, Karim S, Schaffer R, David K (2013) A dynamic interplay between phytohormones is required for fruit development, maturation, and ripening. Front Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00079

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mieko K (1968) Fluorescence histochemical study on serotonin and catecholamine in some plants. Jpn J Pharmacol 18(2):162–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittler R (2002) Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci 7(9):405–410

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Protacio CM, Dai YR, Lewis EF, Flores HE (1992) Growth stimulation by catecholamines in plant tissue/organ cultures. Plant Physiol 98(1):89–96

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Qi Q, Guo Z, Liang Y, Li K, Xu H (2019) Hydrogen sulfide alleviates oxidative damage under excess nitrate stress through MAPK/NO signaling in cucumber. Plant Physiol Biochem 135:1–8

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosei MA, Blarzino C, Foppoli C, Mosca L, Coccia R (1994) Lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of catecholamines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 200(1):344

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shao Q, Shu S, Du J, Yuan Y, Xing W, Guo S, Sun J (2016) Proteome analysis of roots in cucumber seedlings under iso-osmotic NaCl and Ca(NO3)2 stresses. Plant Mol Biol Rep 34(1):303–317

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi W, Yao J, Yan F (2009) Vegetable cultivation under greenhouse conditions leads to rapid accumulation of nutrients, acidification and salinity of soils and groundwater contamination in South-Eastern China. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 83(1):73–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stasinos S, Kostakis M, Thomaidis N, Zabetakis I (2014) Irrigating onions and potatoes with chromium and nickel: its effects on catalase and peroxidase activities and the cross-contamination of plants. Water Air Soil Pollut 225(10):1–14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swiedrych A, Lorenc-Kukula K, Skirycz A, Szopa J (2004) The catecholamine biosynthesis route in potato is affected by stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 42(7–8):593–600

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahama U (2004) Oxidation of vacuolar and apoplastic phenolic substrates by peroxidase: physiological significance of the oxidation reactions. Phytochem Rev 3:207–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang A, Luo G (1990) Quantitative relation between the reaction of hydroxylamine and superoxide anion radical in plants. Plant Physiol Commun 06:55–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Cui X, Zhao X, Gao S, Zhao J, Yuan Z (2015) Differences of biochemical constituents and contents of eight cultivars flowers of Camellia sinensis. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 18(2):320–328

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Zhang R, Sun Y, Liu J (2016) Effect of exogenous melatonin on the antioxidant system of cucumber seedlings under nitrate stress. Acta Horticulturae Sinica 43(04):695–703

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Yuan X, Wu Q, Chen S, Zou Y, Ma F, Li C (2021) Exogenous dopamine improves apple fruit quality via increasing flavonoids and soluble sugar contents. Sci Hortic 280:109903

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei G, Yang L, Zhu Y, Chen G (2009) Changes in oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and polyamine contents in leaves of grafted and non-grafted eggplant seedlings under stress by excess of calcium nitrate. Sci Hortic 120(4):443–451

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wichers HJ, Visser JF, Huizing HJ, Pras N (1993) Occurrence of L-DOPA and dopamine in plants and cell cultures of Mucuna pruriens and effects of 2,4-D and NaCl on these compounds. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 33(3):259–264

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu H, Sun X, Shi Q, Yang F, Yang X, Wang X (2012) Physiological responses of two cucumber cultivars to nitrate stress. J Plant Nutr 35(14):2167–2179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu H, Sun X, Yang X, Shi Q, Wang X (2013) Physiological responses to nitrate stress of transgenic tobacco plants harbouring the cucumber mitogen-activated protein kinase gene. Turk J Bot 37(1):130–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Huang Y, Hu L (2015) Optimizing the determination of the content of reduction-type vitamin C in sweet cherry. Hubei Agric Sci 54(01):181–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu H, Li T, Zhang X (2010) Nutrient budget and soil nutrient status in greenhouse system. Agric Sci China 9(6):871–879

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Li Y (2008) Study on catecholamine in plant. Chem Life 04:418–421

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang HX, Chi DC, Wang Q, Fang J, Fang XY (2011) Yield and quality response of cucumber to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization under subsurface drip irrigation in solar greenhouse. Agric Sci China 10:921–930

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Duan X, Ding F, Ma H, Zhang T, Yang Y (2014) Salinity induced the changes of root growth and antioxidative responses in two wheat cultivars. Protoplasma 251(4):771–780

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Sun Y, Liu Z, Jin W, Sun Y (2017) Effects of melatonin on seedling growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber under nitrate stress. J Pineal Res 62(4):e12403

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao H, Li X, Jiang Y (2019) Response of nitrogen losses to excessive nitrogen fertilizer application in intensive greenhouse vegetable production. Sustainability 11(6):1513

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng P, Bai X, Long J, Li K, Xu H (2016) Nitric oxide enhances the nitrate stress tolerance of spinach by scavenging ROS and RNS. Sci Hortic 213:24–33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Z, Wei G, Li J, Qian Q, Yu J (2004) Silicon alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in leaves of salt-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Sci 167(3):527–533

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the earmarked fund for China Agricultural Research System (CARS-24). The authors are grateful to Craig Layman for help in revising our English composition.

Funding

This study was funded by Agriculture Research System of China (CN) (CARS-24).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Guangpu Lan, Liming Shi, Xinyu Lu, Zeyu Liu & Yan Sun

Authors
  1. Guangpu Lan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Liming Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xinyu Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zeyu Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yan Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

GL Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review and Editing, Visualization, Supervision. LS Validation, Investigation, Resources, Writing—Review and Editing. XL Validation, Investigation, Resources, Writing—Review and Editing. ZL Validation, Investigation, Resources, Writing—Review and Editing. YS Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing—Review and Editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yan Sun.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Hagai Yasour.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lan, G., Shi, L., Lu, X. et al. Effects of Dopamine on Antioxidation, Mineral Nutrients, and Fruit Quality in Cucumber Under Nitrate Stress. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 2918–2929 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10484-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10484-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation