Circadian Ethylene Synthesis in Sorghum bicolor: Expression and Control of the System at the Whole Plant Level

Abstract

Ethylene production by sorghum is rhythmic and the amplitude of the rhythm is increased both by dim, far-red enriched light and in mutant plants deficient in phytochrome B. The mechanisms involved in controlling ethylene production were examined in detail by measuring the rate of ethylene production among organs and tissues, examining the organ-specific levels of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, the ethylene precursor) and investigating the contribution of the roots to shoot ethylene production. The results demonstrate that the expanding leaves were the major source of ethylene under dim, far-red enriched light and in the phytochrome B mutant. Enhanced ethylene production by the expanding leaf appeared to be the result of targeted delivery of ACC to this tissue. Root ACC levels were much higher than those in the shoot but roots converted much less of this endogenous ACC to ethylene. Applying ACC to the roots had only a marginal effect on their ethylene production, but greatly increased that of the shoots. Decapitated shoots continued to produce ethylene in a rhythmic pattern but the amplitude decreased with time compared to intact plants. The results collectively suggest that some, but not all, of the shoot ethylene rhythm depends on the transport of ACC from the roots to the shoots.