Abstract
Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is a cosmopolitan bloom-forming species with complex life cycle, the formation and germination of resting cysts are critical for its bloom dynamics. In the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, A. catenella has been identified as the major causative agent for paralytic shellfish poisoning, but there is little knowledge concerning its resting cysts in this region. In this study, three surveys were carried out along the coast of Qinhuangdao from 2020 to 2021 to map the distribution of A. catenella resting cysts, using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay specific for A. catenella. The resting cysts were detected in surface sediments during all the three surveys, and their distribution patterns were similar. High abundance of resting cysts (maximum 1 300 cysts/g sediment (wet weight)) were found in a region (119.62°E–119.99°E, 39.67°N–39.98°N) northeast to the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, where surface sediments were mainly composed of clay and silt (percentage above 50%). Prior to the formation of the A. catenella bloom in March 2021, the abundance of A. catenella vegetative cells in seawater had extremely significant positive correlation with the abundance of resting cysts in surface sediments, reflecting the important role of resting cysts in the initiation of A. catenella blooms. As far as we know, this is the first report on the distribution of A. catenella cysts along the coast of Qinhuangdao. The results will offer a sound basis for the future monitoring and mitigation of toxic A. catenella blooms and paralytic shellfish poisoning events in this region.
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Acknowledgment
We acknowledge all the researchers who worked on survey cruises for the collection of field samples, and Professors Jiabo ZHANG and Gang WANG from Marine Geological Resources Survey Center of Hebei Province for providing seawater temperature and salinity data.
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Supported by the National S&T Basic Resources Investigation Program of China (No. 2018YF100206) and the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2019YFC1407901, 2017YFC1600701) from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST)
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The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Tang, W., Geng, H., Xi, Y. et al. Mapping the resting cysts of dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella along the coast of Qinhuangdao, China. J. Ocean. Limnol. 40, 2312–2321 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-2190-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-022-2190-2