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Acute toxicity of organochlorine insecticide endosulfan to the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrochium rosenbergii

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Abstract

Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is highly toxic and effective at controlling pests in agriculture, horticulture, and public health programs. In this study, static bioassays were used to evaluate the toxicity of endosulfan to freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of various lengths (1.5±0.03, 4±0.08, and 7±0.06 cm). Additionally, the activities of peroxidase (POD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Na+/K+-ATPase were analyzed to reflect the effects of endosulfan exposure. The 96 h LC50 of endosulfan for prawns 1.5, 4, and 7 cm long were 1.86, 4.53, and 6.09 μg/L, respectively, improved tolerance to endosulfan with growth. The POD activities of test organisms exposed to low concentrations of endosulfan were inhibited, indicating the presence of oxygen damaged tissue. Moreover, a notable decrease in AChE activity was observed due to overstimulation of neurotransmission, which might result in abnormal behavior. The effect caused by endosulfan on phosphatase production in the hepatopancreas of prawns 1.5, 4, and 7 cm long was different because the ability of nonspecific immune regulation increased with growth. The 96 h LC50 values obtained in this study could be used in the formulation of water-quality criteria in China. Moreover, the changes in enzymes activities of M. rosenbergii under stress of endosulfan could be applied in the establishment of early warning indicators for bio-safety.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Department of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Xilin Dai  (戴习林), Zhaodi Xiong  (熊昭娣) & Jian Xie  (谢剑)

  2. Shanghai Shencao Special Fisheries Development Company, Shanghai, 201506, China

    Fujiang Ding  (丁福江)

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  1. Xilin Dai  (戴习林)
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  2. Zhaodi Xiong  (熊昭娣)
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  3. Jian Xie  (谢剑)
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  4. Fujiang Ding  (丁福江)
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Correspondence to Xilin Dai  (戴习林).

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Supported by Key Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission, China (No. 11391901400)

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Dai, X., Xiong, Z., Xie, J. et al. Acute toxicity of organochlorine insecticide endosulfan to the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrochium rosenbergii . Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 32, 111–119 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-014-3081-y

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