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Mechanism causing the spatial distribution non-uniformity of the prompt optical crosstalk effect in G-APD cells of silicon photomultipliers

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Abstract

The optical crosstalk effect in Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) is unnecessary parasitic effects. The mechanism leading to the non-uniform spatial distribution of the prompt optical crosstalk in SiPMs was investigated in detail herein. The experimental results showed that the optical crosstalk probability (Pct) in SiPMs without optical isolation trenches was clearly non-uniform within the Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (G-APD) cell. However, the spatial distribution uniformity of Pct in G-APD cells was improved significantly in an SiPM containing optical isolation trenches. The different propagation distances of crosstalk photons emitted from different positions of the source G-APD cell to the nearest neighboring G-APD cell along a straight line, were the main reason for the non-uniform spatial distribution of Pct in the SiPM. According to the experimental results, it can also be inferred that the emission of crosstalk photons is spatially localized during a G-APD cell’s avalanche event, and majority crosstalk photons are emitted during the early stage of the avalanche.

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The data sets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The authors ensure authenticity of data and materials.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos. 11975176), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (2022JQ-660), Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (No. 2023- YBGY-196), Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics (Grant Nos. 22JSY030, 22JSY012), Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (No. 22JC033).The authors thank Prof. Fabrice Retiere at TRIUMF for providing some SiPMs for measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, 710048, China

    XinYue Cao, Guoqing Zhang, Yaxian Yang, Chen Zhang & Lianbi Li

  2. School of Science, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, China

    Lina Liu

  3. School of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710311, China

    Chunling Zhang

  4. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada

    Giacomo Gallina

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  1. XinYue Cao
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  4. Chen Zhang
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  5. Lina Liu
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  6. Chunling Zhang
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Contributions

Xinyue Cao wrote the main manuscript text and analyzed the results, Guoqing Zhang proposed the main ideas and overall planning, Chen Zhang and Yaxian Yang conducted some experiments, Lina Liu built the main experimental setup, Lianbi Li give some support for building the experimental setup, Xiaoxiang Han amended and checked the whole paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Guoqing Zhang.

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Cao, X., Zhang, G., Yang, Y. et al. Mechanism causing the spatial distribution non-uniformity of the prompt optical crosstalk effect in G-APD cells of silicon photomultipliers. Appl. Phys. B 129, 138 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-023-08073-0

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