Abstract
The formation dynamics of periodic ripples induced by two 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses on Al film are studied using a pump-probe imaging technique. The results shows that the first femtosecond laser pulse only induced random nanostructures on the surface of the Al film. Periodic ripples appear near these nanostructures after the second femtosecond pulse irradiation. The surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) model combined with the Drude-Lorentz model is used to explain the formation of periodic ripples structure on the surface of the smooth Al film after the second femtosecond laser irradiation. The dynamics of electron and lattice temperatures after femtosecond laser irradiation on the Al surface is calculated by a two-temperature model, and the influences of the electron and lattice temperatures are taken account on electron scattering frequencies. Single-photon absorption and the localization of hot electrons are also considered in the Drude-Lorentz model. The simulated results show that the period of the periodic ripples predicted by the SPP model accords well with experimental results. It demonstrates that the SPP are excited by the second femtosecond laser pulse irradiating the nanostructure formed by the first femtosecond laser pulse, are the main reason for the formation of the periodic ripples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E.V. Golosov, A.A. Ionin, Y.R. Kolobov et al., Formation of periodic nanostructures on aluminum surface by femtosecond laser pulses. Nanotechnol. Russ. 6(3), 237–243 (2011)
S. Sakabe, M. Hashida, S. Tokita et al., Mechanism for self-formation of periodic grating structures on a metal surface by a femtosecond laser pulse. Phys. Rev. B 79(3), 033409 (2009)
J. Bonse, G. Bachelier, J. Siegel et al., Time-and space-resolved dynamics of melting, ablation, and solidification phenomena induced by femtosecond laser pulses in germanium. Phys. Rev. B 74(13), 134106 (2006)
S.I. Ashitkov, N.A. Inogamov, V.V. Zhakhovskii et al., Formation of nanocavities in the surface layer of an aluminum target irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse. JETP Lett. 95(4), 176–181 (2012)
N. Casquero, Y. Fuentes-Edfuf, R. Zazo et al., Generation, control and erasure of dual LIPSS in germanium with fs and ns laser pulses. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 53(48), 485106 (2020)
P. Kühler, D. Puerto, M. Mosbacher et al., Femtosecond-resolved ablation dynamics of Si in the near field of a small dielectric particle. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 4(1), 501–509 (2013)
K. Zhou, X. Jia, T. Jia et al., The influences of surface plasmons and thermal effects on femtosecond laser-induced subwavelength periodic ripples on Au film by pump-probe imaging. J. Appl. Phys. 121(10), 104301 (2017)
H. Qiao, J. Yang, F. Wang et al., Femtosecond laser direct writing of large-area two-dimensional metallic photonic crystal structures on tungsten surfaces. Opt. Express 23(20), 26617–26627 (2015)
C.L. Chang, C.W. Cheng, J.K. Chen, Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures of copper: experimental and modeling comparison. Appl. Surf. Sci. 469, 904–910 (2019)
L. Chen, K. Cao, J. Liu et al., Surface birefringence of regular periodic surface structures produced on glass coated with an indium tin oxide film using a low-fluence femtosecond laser through a cylindrical lens. Opt. Express 28(20) 30094–30106 (2020)
M. Huang, F. Zhao, Y. Cheng et al., Origin of laser-induced near-subwavelength ripples: interference between surface plasmons and incident laser. ACS Nano 3(12), 4062–4070 (2009)
A. Cerkauskaite, R. Drevinskas, A. Solodar et al., Form-birefringence in ITO thin films engineered by ultrafast laser nanostructuring. ACS Photonics 4(11), 2944–2951 (2017)
M. Barberoglou, V. Zorba, E. Stratakis et al., Bio-inspired water repellent surfaces produced by ultrafast laser structuring of silicon. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255(10), 5425–5429 (2009)
Y. Dai, M. He, H. Bian et al., Femtosecond laser nanostructuring of silver film. Appl. Phys. A 106(3), 567–574 (2012)
J. Zhang, A. Čerkauskaitė, R. Drevinskas et al., Eternal 5D data storage by ultrafast laser writing in glass. Laser-based micro-and nanoprocessing X. Int. Soc. Opt. Photonics 9736, 97360U (2016)
J.E. Sipe, J.F. Young, J.S. Preston et al., Laser-induced periodic surface structure. I. Theory. Phys. Rev. B 27(2), 1141 (1983)
Y. Dong, P. Molian, Coulomb explosion-induced formation of highly oriented nanoparticles on thin films of 3C–SiC by the femtosecond pulsed laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(1), 10–12 (2004)
M. Garcia-Lechuga, D. Puerto, Y. Fuentes-Edfuf et al., Ultrafast moving-spot microscopy: birth and growth of laser-induced periodic surface structures. ACS Photonics 3(10), 1961–1967 (2016)
R.D. Murphy, B. Torralva, D.P. Adams et al., Pump-probe imaging of laser-induced periodic surface structures after ultrafast irradiation of Si. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(14), 141104 (2013)
K.R.P. Kafka, D.R. Austin, H. Li et al., Time-resolved measurement of single pulse femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structure formation induced by a pre-fabricated surface groove. Opt. Express 23(15), 19432–19441 (2015)
X. Jia, Y. Yuan, D. Yang et al., Ultrafast time-resolved imaging of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures on GaAs. Chin. Opt. Lett. 12(11), 113203 (2014)
X. Jia, T.Q. Jia, N.N. Peng et al., Dynamics of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures on silicon by high spatial and temporal resolution imaging. J. Appl. Phys. 115(14), 143102 (2014)
J. Liu, X. Jia, W. Wu et al., Ultrafast imaging on the formation of periodic ripples on a Si surface with a prefabricated nanogroove induced by a single femtosecond laser pulse. Opt. Express 26(5), 6302–6315 (2018)
J. Liu, H. Zhao, K. Cheng et al., Ultrafast dynamics of the thin surface plasma layer and the periodic ripples formation on GaP crystal irradiated by a single femtosecond laser pulse. Opt. Express 27(26), 37859–37876 (2019)
K. Cheng, J. Liu, K. Cao et al., Ultrafast dynamics of single-pulse femtosecond laser-induced periodic ripples on the surface of a gold film. Phys. Rev. B 98(18), 184106 (2018)
K. Cheng, K. Cao, Y. Zhang et al., Ultrafast dynamics of subwavelength periodic ripples induced by single femtosecond pulse: from noble to common metals. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 53(28), 285102 (2020)
D. Gérard, S.K. Gray, Aluminium plasmonics. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 48(18), 184001 (2014)
L. Zhou, Y. Tan, J. Wang et al., 3D self-assembly of aluminium nanoparticles for plasmon-enhanced solar desalination. Nat. Photonics 10(6), 393–398 (2016)
J. Spettel, G. Stocker, T.D. Dao et al., Aluminium, gold-tin and titanium-tungsten alloys for mid-infrared plasmonic gratings. Opt. Mater. Express 11(4), 1058–1069 (2021)
A. Margiolakis, G.D. Tsibidis, K.M. Dani et al., Ultrafast dynamics and sub-wavelength periodic structure formation following irradiation of GaAs with femtosecond laser pulses. Phys. Rev. B 98(22), 224103 (2018)
Z. Lin, L.V. Zhigilei, Electron-phonon coupling and electron heat capacity of metals under conditions of strong electron-photon nonequilibrium. Phys. Rev. B 77(7), 075133 (2008)
A.D. Rakić, A.B. Djurišić, J.M. Elazar et al., Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. Appl. Opt. 37(22), 5271–5283 (1998)
B.H. Christensen, K. Vestentoft, P. Balling, Short-pulse ablation rates and the two-temperature model. Appl. Surf. Sci. 253(15), 6347–6352 (2007)
T. Schwartz, G. Bartal, S. Fishman, M. Segev, Transport and Anderson localization in disordered two-dimensional photonic lattices. Nature 446, 52–55 (2007)
I. Campillo, J.M. Pitarke, A. Rubio et al., Inelastic lifetimes of hot electrons in real metals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(11), 2230 (1999)
K. Marchuk, K.A. Willets, Localized surface plasmons and hot electrons. Chem. Phys. 445, 95–104 (2014)
M.I. Markovi, A.D. Raki, Determination of optical properties of aluminium including electron reradiation in the Lorentz-Drude model. Opt. Laser Technol. 22(6), 394–398 (1990)
P.B. Johnson, R.W. Christy, Optical constants of the noble metals. Phys. Rev. B 6(12), 4370 (1972)
N.W. Ashcroft, K. Sturm, Interband absorption and the optical properties of polyvalent metals. Phys. Rev. B 3(6), 1898 (1971)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11804227).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, J., Qin, Z., Lu, M. et al. Ultrafast imaging analysis of femtosecond laser induced periodic nanoripples on Al film. Appl. Phys. B 128, 88 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-022-07805-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-022-07805-y