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Enhancing dielectric properties and thermal stability in microwave-synthesized Nd-modified barium titanate nanoceramics for possible MLCC applications

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Abstract

In pursuing enhanced performance for electronic applications, we synthesized ferroelectric materials, specifically Ba(1-x)Nd2x/3TiO3 (BNdTx) nanoceramics, utilizing solid-state reaction techniques coupled with microwave heating treatment. Our investigation involved varying Nd3+-doping levels (x = 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8%) to tailor the material's properties. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a single-phase tetragonal perovskite structure (space group P4mm). A comprehensive examination of the partial density of states for both undoped and Nd3+-doped BaTiO3 was undertaken to discern the impact of Nd3+-doping on the energy bands. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of pores in the samples, accompanied by a reduction in grain size with increasing Nd3+ content. The introduction of Nd3+ induced a shift in the Curie temperature (TC) towards room temperature. Simultaneously, the dielectric characteristics exhibited a consistent value above 1900, with a low loss of less than 5% observed across a range of temperatures (30–100 °C). Notably, the sample with x = 4% demonstrated thermally stable dielectric properties, suggesting its potential suitability as a material for Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC) applications.

Graphical abstract

Integrating microwave sintering and ball milling techniques is a significant development in advanced materials engineering, specifically in producing Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCC). The practical implementation of these novel methodologies is essential in decreasing particle size, which is a critical determinant in improving thermal stability. Ball milling further refines the particle size distribution, whereas microwave sintering guarantees a more uniform and fine-grained microstructure through its rapid and effective heating capabilities. The capacitors acquire enhanced thermal stability and a more refined material granularity through this synergistic combination. By achieving a more uniform and compact ceramic structure, these processes result in a finer particle size, enhancing the overall performance and dependability of MLCC capacitors. The increasing need for miniaturized and high-performance electronic components has focused on utilizing microwave sintering and ball milling. These processes are at the forefront of technological advancements in the pursuit of improved thermal properties and increased efficiency in manufacturing MLCC capacitors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their sincere gratitude for the financial support provided by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP: Grant no. 2017/13769-1) and (FAPESP: Grant no. 2023/05716-6). Dr. Mansor thanks the researchers supporting project number (RSP2024R393) at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for his financial support. Prof. K.C James Raju acknowledges the funds received from the Institution of Eminence (IoE) program under sanction number UoH/IoE/RC1/RC1-20-013.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235-S/N-Jardim Guanabara, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Mahmoud S. Alkathy, Flavio Paulo Milton, Fabio Luiz Zabotto & Jose A. Eiras

  2. Federal University of Grande Dourados Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, FACET Applied Optics Group (GOA), Dourados, MS, 79825-070, Brazil

    Flavio Paulo Milton

  3. Department of Biochemistry College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mansour K. Gatasheh

  4. Department of Physics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    H. A. Kassim

  5. School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India

    Mahmoud S. Alkathy & K. C. James Raju

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  1. Mahmoud S. Alkathy
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Contributions

Mahmoud Alkathy: Writing, Correction, formal analysis, and original draft preparation. Flavio Paulo Milton: investigator. Mansour K. Gatasheh: Resources. Fabio Zabotto: Investigator. H. A. Kassim: Synthetization, Methodology, SEM measurements, and Formal Analysis. Prof. James Raju: Supervise and correct the original draft. Prof Jose Eiras: Correctional, supervision, and approval of the final version.

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Correspondence to Mahmoud S. Alkathy.

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Alkathy, M.S., Milton, F.P., Gatasheh, M.K. et al. Enhancing dielectric properties and thermal stability in microwave-synthesized Nd-modified barium titanate nanoceramics for possible MLCC applications. Appl. Phys. A 130, 402 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-07566-9

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