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Microstructure mediated weak ferromagnetism in La-doped CeO2 nanoparticles

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Abstract

Magnetism in La-doped CeO2nanoparticles depends on doping percentage, ordering length, cation-vacancy exchange interaction, cationic segregation at the surface and other factors. This work explores microstructure and low-temperature magnetic property of 4% La-doped CeO2 nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are synthesized by a simple solvothermal method followed by sintering at 550 °C. Microstructural analysis by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the compound crystallizes in a face-centered cubic fluorite structure with lattice parameter 5.4326 Å. The calculated crystallite size by Rietveld refinement is ~ 9.4 nm. About 5% oxygen vacancy is created in the compound due to aliovalent doping of Ce+4 cations by La+3 cations. The microstructure of the compound is also confirmed from HRTEM images. The average diameter of well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles is measured as ~ 8–9 nm. The crystal structure of the compound is also verified with the SAED pattern. The EDX spectrum confirms the presence of La dopant along with Ce and O in the compound. The band gap of the compound calculated from the UV–VIS absorption spectrum is ~ 2.81 eV. The 4% La-doped CeO2 dispersed nanoparticles exhibit a weak low-temperature ferromagnetic behaviour. The bifurcation between ZFC and FC is found up to 150 K from M-T measurements. Small hysteresis loops are found at all measuring temperatures. At 50 K, the coercive magnetic field is 232 Oe with remnant magnetization of 0.52 × 10–6 emu/g and saturation magnetization of 1.9 × 10–6 emu/g. Weak ferromagnetism is observed in the nanoparticles as cation-vacancy ferromagnetic interaction is limited by ordering length and dopant segregation on the surface of the compound.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for creating PPMS facility in the Dept. of Physics, The University of Burdwan under the Departmental FIST program (Grant No. SR/FST/PS-II-001/2011). Authors are also thankful to XRD facility of the Dept. of Physics, created by the University Grants Commission under CAS-II program (File no. F.530/20/CAS-II/2018(SAP-I)) and USIC Dept. for providing UV-Vis and HRTEM facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, City College, Kolkata, 700009, India

    Anshuman Nandy

  2. Materials Science Division, Department of Physics, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India

    Mahasweta Chatterjee & Swapan Kumar Pradhan

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Contributions

All the authors contributed to conceptualization of the study. Material preparation and data collection were done by Mahasweta Chatterjee. Data analyses were done by Anshuman Nandy. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Anshuman Nandy and all authors edited, commented and corrected the previous versions. The work was supervised and manuscript was finalized by Swapan Kumar Pradhan. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Swapan Kumar Pradhan.

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Nandy, A., Chatterjee, M. & Pradhan, S.K. Microstructure mediated weak ferromagnetism in La-doped CeO2 nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. A 130, 250 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-07392-z

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