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Nano-Fe3O4-loaded chitosan salicylamide copper complex as a photocatalyst to degrade nitrophenols under the sunlight

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Abstract

With the rapid development of population and technology, many pollutants are released into the environment. It is very crucial to protect the environment as well as human health. In this work, Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and loaded into the chitosan salicylamide copper complex (CSC), the final sample was characterized by XRD, UV–Vis, FTIR, and SEM–EDX techniques. From the XRD analysis, the crystal structure was studied and the average particle size of the IONP was measured to be 18.79 nm. The UV–Vis was used to determine the presence of IONP by appearing corresponding intense peaks, it was also used to determine the energy gap value 2.1 eV for the IONP by the Tauc’s relation. FTIR spectrum determines the presence of Fe–O bond by appearing stretching frequencies at 538 cm−1 and 627 cm−1 and also confirms the presence of CSC by appearing relative stretching frequencies. The SEM graph has shown spherical morphology and uniform distribution of IONPs. The experimental study of photocatalytic degradation of nitrophenols was repeated within the time interval of 60 min at different light sources (UV-254 nm, UV-365 nm, UV-395 nm, Visible light, and Sunlight), at different pH values (2.5, 7 and 10.5) and different AOP techniques. Here, the AOP techniques are photocatalytic experiments with prepared photocatalyst (PC), photocatalyst combined with Fenton’s reagent (PFC) and, only with Fenton’s reagent (F). It is observed that the photocatalytic degradation of three nitrophenols reached 100% within 30 min under sunlight with PFC at a pH value of 2.5.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

IONP:

Iron oxide nanoparticle or Fe3O4 nanoparticle

CS:

Chitosan salicylamide ligand

CSC:

Chitosan salicylamide copper complex

PC:

Prepared photocatalyst

PFC:

Photocatalyst combined with Fenton’s reagent

MNP:

Mono-nitrophenol

DNP:

Di-nitrophenol

TNP:

Tri-nitrophenol

CB:

Conduction band

VB:

Valance band

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Electronics, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Hanamkonda, Warangal, Telangana, 506001, India

    Arshanapelly Mahender Rao, Domala Suresh & Ganji Sandhya

  2. Biochemie Innovations Lab, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, 604001, India

    Rajendran Sribalan

  3. Department of Physics, Kamala Institute of Technology and Science, Huzurabad, Karimnagar, Telangana, 505468, India

    Arshanapelly Mahender Rao

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  1. Arshanapelly Mahender Rao
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  4. Ganji Sandhya
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AMR: synthesis, characterization and manuscript preparation. DS: research work design and scientific discussions. RS: carried out the photocatalytic experiment and helped in manuscript writing. GS: developed the theoretical formalism and performed the analytic calculations.

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Correspondence to Domala Suresh.

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Rao, A.M., Suresh, D., Sribalan, R. et al. Nano-Fe3O4-loaded chitosan salicylamide copper complex as a photocatalyst to degrade nitrophenols under the sunlight. Appl. Phys. A 129, 625 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06899-1

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