Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Ni-doping on structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties of CdO nanoparticles

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present studies, we are reporting synthesis, structural, microstructural, optical dielectric, and magnetic properties of pristine and Ni-doped CdO (Cd1-xNixO, 0% ≤ x ≤ 10%) nanoparticles. Co-precipitation method was used to synthesize these nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction patterns show the cubic phase of polycrystalline Cd1–xNixO nanoparticles along with the formation of secondary NiO phase at higher Ni-content. The XPS spectra indicate the presence of oxygen vacancies along with mixed oxidation states of nickel (Ni2+ and Ni3+) and cadmium (Cd2+, Cd4+). FESEM micrographs show non uniform distribution of grains in these nanoparticles. The observed Raman peaks show that Ni2+ ions are successfully substituted at the Cd2+ lattice sites in the host lattice of CdO. The decrease in ac-conductivity of CdO with Ni-doping indicates the segregation of defects (Cd interstitials and oxygen vacancies) at grain boundaries. The conduction phenomena are explained by correlated barrier hopping mechanism in these nanoparticles. The optical band-gap broadening of CdO with Ni-doping show the influence of carrier densities. Ferromagnetic ordering in these nanoparticles is explained using bound magnetic polarons’ (BMPs) model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data are contained with in the manuscript.

References

  1. W.Z. Tawfik, M. Esmat, Drastic improvement in magnetization of CdO nanoparticles by Fe doping. Appl. Nanosci. 7, 863 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Shatnawi, A.M. Alsmadi, I. Bsoul, B. Salameh, M. Mathai, G. Alnawashi, G.M. Alzoubi, Influence of Mn doping on the magnetic and optical properties of ZnO nanocrystalline particles. Results in Physics 6, 1064 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. P. Dhivya, A.K. Prasad, M. Sridharan, Effect of sputtering power on the methane sensing properties of nanostructured cadmium oxide films. J. Alloy. Compd. 620, 109 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. R.K. Mandal, P. Saha, T.P. Majumder, Structural, optical characterization of the synthesized Fe doped CdO Nano particles, its application as a promising photocatalyst for degradation of the hazardous Methyl violet dye. Optik 246, 167795 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Velusamy, R. Ramesh Babu, K. Ramamurthi, E. Elangovan, J. Viegas, Effect of La doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of spray pyrolytically deposited CdO thin films. J. Alloy. Compd. 708, 804 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. F. Yakuphanoglu, Preparation of nanostructure Ni doped CdO thin films by sol gel spin coating method. J. Sol -Gel Sci. Technol. 59, 569 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. C. Aydın, H.M. El-Nasser, F. Yakuphanoglua, I.S. Yahiaa, M. Aksoy, Nanopowder synthesis of aluminum doped cadmium oxide via sol–gel calcination processing. J. Alloy. Compd. 509, 854 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Ranjithkumar, A.A. Irudayaraj, G. Jayakumar, A.D. Raj, S. Karthick, R. Vinayagamoorthy, Synthesis and properties of CdO and Fe doped CdO nanoparticles. Mater. Today. 3, 1378 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. F. Ibraheem, M.A. Mahdy, E.A. Mahmoud, Tuning Paramagnetic effect of Co-Doped CdS diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dots. J. Alloy. Compd. 834, 155196 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Thomas, K.E. Abraham, Morphology-dependent space charge polarization and dielectric relaxation of CdO nanomorphotypes. J. Adv. Dielectr. 6, 1650030 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. M.K.R. Khan, M. Azizar Rahman, M. Shahjahan, M. Mozibur Rahman, M.A. Hakim, D.K. Saha, J.U. Khan, Effect of Al-doping on optical and electrical properties of spray pyrolytic nano-crystalline CdO thin films. Curr. Appl. Phys. 10, 790 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. A.A. Dakhel, Structural, optical, and magnetic studies of iodine-doped CdO nanopowders and films. J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol. 85, 311 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Leelavati, R. Kumar, R. Kumar, Structural and optical studies of Mn2+ substituted CdO nano-particles. Appl. Phys. A 127, 249 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. K. Siraj, M. Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, Effect of deposition temperature on structural, surface, optical and magnetic properties of pulsed laser deposited Al-doped CdO thin films. J. Alloy. Compd. 509, 6756 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A. A. Dakhel, Generation of magnetic properties in degenerated Ni and Ga codoped CdO nanocrystals. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 33, 1871 (2020)

  16. T. Ahmad, S. Khatoon, K. Coolahan, Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of nickel-doped tin dioxide nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 99, 1207 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Kaur, V.K. Chalotra, R. Jasrotia, Spinel nanoferrite (CoFe2O4): the impact of Cr doping on its structural, surface morphology, magnetic, and antibacterial activity traits. Opt. Mater. 133, 113026 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Leelavati, R. Kumar, Structural and optical properties of CdO and Ni doped CdO nanomaterials. AIP Conf. Proc. 2220, 020140 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Kumar, A.K. Ojha, R.K. Singh, Synthesis and Raman signature for the formation of CdO/MnO2 (core/shell) nanostructures. J. Raman Spectrosc. 45, 717 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. G. Schaack, N. Uhle, Raman spectra in doped cadmium oxide. Solid State Commun. 19, 315 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. P. Velusamy, R. Ramesh Babu, K. Ramamurthi, E. Elangovan, J. Viegas, M. Sridharan, Spray deposited ruthenium incorporated CdO thin films for opto-electronic and gas sensing applications. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 112, 127 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. P. Nayak, T. Badapanda, A.K. Singh, S. Panigrahi, An approach for correlating the structural and electrical properties of Zr4+-modified SrBi4Ti4O15/SBT ceramic. RSC Adv. 7, 16319 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Suresh, Studies on the dielectric properties of CdS nanoparticles. Appl. Nanosci. 4, 325 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Kurien, J. Mathew, S. Sebastian, Dielectric behavior and ac electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline nickel aluminate. Mater. Chem. Phys. 98, 470 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. R. Tripathi, A. Dutta, S. Das, A. Kumar, T.P. Sinha, Dielectric relaxation of CdO nanoparticles. Appl. Nanosci. 6, 175 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. T. Ahmad, S. Khatoon, K. Coolahan, Synthesis, magnetic and dielectric characterization of nanocrystalline solid solutions of In2–xNixO3 (x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15). Mater. Res. Bull. 48, 3065 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Modwi, K.K. Taha, L. Khezami, A.S. Al-Ayed, Structural and electrical characterization of Ba/ZnO nanoparticles fabricated by co-precipitation. J. Inorg. Organ. Polym. Mater. 30, 2633 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. C. Belkhaoui, N. Mzabi, H. Smaoui, Investigations on structural, optical and dielectric properties of Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method. Mater. Res. Bull. 111, 70 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. A.K. Rana, Y. Kumar, Search for origin of room temperature ferromagnetism properties in Ni-doped ZnO nanostructure. Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 7691 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Leelavati, R. Kumar, R. Kumar, Origin of room temperature ferromagnetism properties in Mn-doped CdO nanoparticles. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 35, 2851 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. T. Ahmad, S. Khatoon, Structural characterization, optical and magnetic properties of Ni-doped CdO dilute magnetic semiconductor nanoparticles. J. Mater. Res. 28, 1245 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. T. Ahmad, S. Khatoon, K. Coolahan, S.E. Lofland, Solvothermal synthesis, optical and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Cd1–xMnxO (0.04 < x = 0.10) solid solutions. J. Alloy. Compd. 558, 117 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Photonics Science, NIT, Hamirpur, HP, 177005, India

    Leelavati & Rajesh Kumar

  2. Department of Material Science and Engineering, NIT, Hamirpur, HP, 177005, India

    Ravi Kumar

Authors
  1. Leelavati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rajesh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ravi Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Leelavati: conceptualization, methodology, and writing—original draft. Rajesh Kumar: supervision, and writing—review & editing. Ravi Kumar: formal analysis and investigation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leelavati.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author(s) declare that they have no conflicts of interests. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Leelavati, Kumar, R. & Kumar, R. Effect of Ni-doping on structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties of CdO nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. A 129, 604 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06850-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06850-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation