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Evaluation of apoptosis in human breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) induced by ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Piper betle leaf extract as bio-fuel

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Abstract

In this investigation, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were produced by solution combustion-assisted technique utilising aqueous leaf extract of Piper betle (betel leaf) (PB). Phase formation and the particle size of ZnO-PB-NPs were ascertained by using X-ray diffraction. It was observed that the ZnO-PB-NPs crystallize in the hexagonal phase with an average crystallite size of 24 nm. The morphology, shape, and size of the NPs were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The elemental composition was analysed using energy-dispersive advanced X-ray spectroscopy. Further, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ZnO bonding. Anticancer activity of ZnO-PB-NPs was evaluated in the MDA-MB-231, human breast cancer cells by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. The study findings demonstrated that the ZnO-PB-NPs were able to induce significant cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. ZnO-PB-NPs treatment impaired the Clonogenic potential cells of breast cancer. Additionally, the biocompatibility with blood components of ZnO-PB-NPs was evaluated by blood hemolysis assay. It was observed that, ZnO NPs inhibited breast cancer cell growth and increased the induction of early apoptosis cell population.

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Acknowledgments

The author Dr. Shobha Nagarajaiah is thankful to Dr. Shivashankarappa L.H., Principal, Maharani’s Science College for Women, Bengaluru for the support. Dr. Prashanth GK would like to express his gratitude to the management of Sri KET for the constant encouragement provided towards research activities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Maharani’s College for Women, Maharani Cluster University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560001, India

    Shobha Nagarajaiah

  2. Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka, 572103, India

    Shobha Nagarajaiah

  3. Department of Chemistry, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560019, India

    Shobha Nagarajaiah & N. Nanda

  4. Department of Chemistry, BMS College for Women, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560004, India

    N. Nanda

  5. Center for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India

    Praveen Manjappa

  6. Department of Chemistry, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India

    Bhangi Mutta Nagabhushana

  7. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, KR Mangalam University, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122103, India

    Manoj Gadewar

  8. Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India

    Srilatha Rao

  9. Research and Development Center, Department of Chemistry, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi-590018), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562157, India

    Prashanth Gopala Krishna

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  1. Shobha Nagarajaiah
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Contributions

Conceptualization, generation of the hypothesis, experimentation, and manuscript writing SN, PGK and NN; software analysis, SN, PGK, NN, PM, MGG, and SR; review and editing PGK, SN, and NN: revision plagiarism errors and proofread, PGK, SN, NN, PM, BMN, MG, and SR. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Nagarajaiah, S., Nanda, N., Manjappa, P. et al. Evaluation of apoptosis in human breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) induced by ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Piper betle leaf extract as bio-fuel. Appl. Phys. A 129, 461 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06731-w

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