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Comparison of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Lemon Juice and Citric Acid Fueled Solution Combustion Synthesis

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Abstract

In the present work, combustion synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using lemon juice and citric acid as fuels has been carried out. A comparative analysis of the obtained powders has been conducted to understand the strategic advantages of using lemon juice over citric acid as the combustion fuel for the synthesis of ZnO nanopartilcles. The X-ray diffractograms of both the samples revealed the presence of wurtzite hexagonal structure with the standard JCPDS pattern of zincite [36-1451] with varying crystallite sizes. Surface morphology of the samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Particle shapes and sizes were determined by transmission electron microscopy. Although wurtzite hexagonal structures were seen in both the synthesis methods, their morphology and sizes differed significantly with samples prepared by lemon juice presenting smaller size. The band gap energy value determined by Wood-Tauc method was found to be ~ 3.2 eV for both the samples. DPPH assay revealed the antioxidant activity of the samples at varied concentrations. Further, antimicrobial studies were greater for those prepared by lemon juice. Furthermore, trypan blue and MTT assay evaluation of nanoparticles against PC-3, HCT116, A549, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines indicated enhanced anticancer activity of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by lemon juice. It was found that the sample prepared using lemon juice exhibited IC50 values of 78.80 μg/mL, 28.75 μg/mL, and 10.7 μg/mL, whereas the sample prepared using citric acid as fuel exhibited IC50 values of 103.6 μg/mL, 41.52 μg/mL, and 20.06 μg/mL, towards PC-3, HCT 116, and MDA-MB-231 respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The author Prashanth G.K thanks the Management of Sri KET and Principal of Sir MVIT for the support and encouragement extended towards this project. The authors are grateful to Dr. Tejabhiram, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago for the valuable suggestions. The authors thank Dr. Vivek Polshettiwar, TIFR, Mumbai, for his constant and continued support in BET measurements. The authors acknowledge Nanotechnology Research Center, SRM University, for XRD measurements, IITM for HRTEM analysis, CeNSE, IISc, Bengaluru, for particle size measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 562 157, India

    Prashanth G. K, Krishnaiah G. M, Sathyananda H. M & Mutthuraju M

  2. Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India

    Prashanth G. K & Prashanth P. A

  3. Department of Chemistry, P.E.S College of Engineering, Mandya, 571 401, India

    Prashanth P. A

  4. Center for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Department of Physics and Nano Technology, SRM University, Chennai, 603 203, India

    Meghana Ramani

  5. Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570 006, India

    Ananda S

  6. Department of Chemistry, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054, India

    Nagabhushana B. M

  7. Department of Bio Technology, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 562 157, India

    Nagendra H. G & Rajendra Singh C

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Correspondence to Prashanth P. A.

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G. K, P., P. A, P., Ramani, M. et al. Comparison of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Lemon Juice and Citric Acid Fueled Solution Combustion Synthesis. BioNanoSci. 9, 799–812 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-019-00670-8

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