Abstract
In this work, the effect of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) on the optical and electrical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been investigated. Different weight percent (0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt%) ratios of CQDs/PVDF nanocomposite films were prepared using solution casting technique. The morphological properties of CQDs were examined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optical properties of the prepared plain PVDF and CQDs/PVDF nanocomposite films were measured using UV–Visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 190–1200 nm. The direct energy band gap (Eg dir.) of the prepared films decreases from 5.28 to 2.96 eV as the wt% ratio of CQDs/PVDF increases from 0 to 10.0%. The DC electrical conductivity (σDC) of the prepared nanocomposite films are measured in the temperature range from 298 to 398 K. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite films has been enhanced six times in magnitude as compared with that of the plain PVDF film, as the wt% ratio of CQDs/PVDF increases up to 10 wt%. The enhancement in the optical and electrical properties of PVDF makes it as a novel candidate in various optoelectronic applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Badawi, E.M. Ahmed, N.Y. Mostafa, F. Abdel-Wahab, S.E. Alomairy, Enhancement of the optical and mechanical properties of chitosan using Fe2O3 nanoparticles. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 28(15), 10877–10884 (2017)
A. Badawi, N. Al Hosiny, Dynamic mechanical analysis of single walled carbon nanotubes/polymethyl methacrylate nanocomposite films. Chin. Phys. B 24(10), 105101 (2015)
M.T. Rahman, M. Asadul Hoque, G.T. Rahman, M.A. Gafur, R.A. Khan, M.K. Hossain, Study on the mechanical, electrical and optical properties of metal-oxide nanoparticles dispersed unsaturated polyester resin nanocomposites. Results Phys. 13, 102264 (2019)
M. Ataur Rahman, G.-S. Chung, Synthesis of PVDF-graphene nanocomposites and their properties. J. Alloys Compd. 581, 724–730 (2013)
J.N. Martins, M. Kersch, V. Altstädt, R.V.B. Oliveira, Electrical conductivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyaniline blends under oscillatory and steady shear conditions. Polym. Test. 32(5), 862–869 (2013)
E.M. Abdelrazek, R. Holze, Structural, optical and some physical properties of PVDF films filled with LiBr/MnCl2 mixed fillers. Phys. B 406(4), 766–770 (2011)
I.S. Elashmawi, E.M. Abdelrazek, H.M. Ragab, N.A. Hakeem, Structural, optical and dielectric behavior of PVDF films filled with different concentrations of iodine. Phys. B 405(1), 94–98 (2010)
J. Al-Osaimi, N. Al-Hosiny, S. Abdallah, A. Badawi, Characterization of optical, thermal and electrical properties of SWCNTs/PMMA nanocomposite films. Iran Polym. J. 23(6), 437–443 (2014)
G.R. Suma, N.K. Subramani, K.N. Shilpa, S. Sachhidananda, S.V. Satyanarayana, Siddaramaiah, Effect of Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 nano fillers on structural and optical behaviors of poly(vinyl alcohol). J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 28(14), 10707–10714 (2017)
A.M. Ismail, M.I. Mohammed, S.S. Fouad, Optical and structural properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites. J. Mol. Struct. 1170, 51–59 (2018)
S. Abdalla, A. Obaid, F.M. Al-Marzouki, Preparation and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride): a high dielectric performance nano-composite for electrical storage. Results Phys. 6, 617–626 (2016)
X. Ma, S. Li, V. Hessel, L. Lin, S. Meskers, F. Gallucci, Synthesis of luminescent carbon quantum dots by microplasma process. Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif. 140, 29–35 (2019)
M.J. Molaei, A review on nanostructured carbon quantum dots and their applications in biotechnology, sensors, and chemiluminescence. Talanta 196, 456–478 (2019)
D.L. Zhao, T.-S. Chung, Applications of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in membrane technologies: a review. Water Res. 147, 43–49 (2018)
V.C. Hoang, K. Dave, V.G. Gomes, Carbon quantum dot-based composites for energy storage and electrocatalysis: mechanism, applications and future prospects. Nano Energy 66, 104093 (2019)
Q. Liang, W. Ma, Y. Shi, Z. Li, X. Yang, Easy synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots from gelatin and their luminescent properties and applications. Carbon 60, 421–428 (2013)
A. Badawi, Characterization of the optical and mechanical properties of CdSe QDs/PMMA nanocomposite films. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26(6), 3450–3457 (2015)
A. Badawi, Effect of the non-toxic Ag2S quantum dots size on their optical properties for environment-friendly applications. Phys. E 109, 107–113 (2019)
N.Y. Mostafa, A. Badawi, S.I. Ahmed, Influence of Cu and Ag doping on structure and optical properties of In2O3 thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis. Results Phys. 10, 126–131 (2018)
O.G. Abdullah, S.B. Aziz, K.M. Omer, Y.M. Salih, Reducing the optical band gap of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based nanocomposite. J. Mater. Sci. 26(7), 5303–5309 (2015)
N.M. Al-Hosiny, S. Abdallah, M.A.A. Moussa, A. Badawi, Optical, thermophysical and electrical characterization of PMMA (CdSe QDs) composite films. J. Polym. Res. 20(2), 1–8 (2013)
A.A. Atta, M.M. El-Nahass, K.M. Elsabawy, M.M. AbdEl-Raheem, A.M. Hassanien, A. Al Huthali, A. Badawi, A. Merazga, Optical characteristics of transparent samarium oxide thin films deposited by the radio-frequency sputtering technique. Pramana 87(5), 72 (2016)
A. Bouzidi, K. Omri, W. Jilani, H. Guermazi, I.S. Yahia, Influence of TiO2 incorporation on the microstructure, optical, and dielectric properties of TiO2/epoxy composites. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 28(3), 1114–1126 (2018)
Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, Effect of annealed and Mg-doped nano ZnO on physical properties of PVA. J. Mol. Struct. 1181, 507–517 (2019)
M. Aslam, M.A. Kalyar, Z.A. Raza, Graphene oxides nanosheets mediation of poly(vinyl alcohol) films in tuning their structural and opto-mechanical attributes. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 28(18), 13401–13413 (2017)
M. Aslam, M.A. Kalyar, Z.A. Raza, Investigation of zinc oxide-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films in tailoring their structural, optical and mechanical properties. J. Electron. Mater. 47(7), 3912–3926 (2018)
S.H. Wemple, M. DiDomenico, Behavior of the electronic dielectric constant in covalent and ionic materials. Phys. Rev. B 3(4), 1338–1351 (1971)
A.A. Aljaafari, S.S. Ibrahim, T.A. El-Brolossy, Thermophysical and electrical characterization of PVC–SWNT nanocomposites. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 42(4), 394–399 (2011)
A.F. Al-Hossainy, M.S. Zoromba, New organic semiconductor thin film derived from p-toluidine monomer. J. Mol. Struct. 1156, 83–90 (2018)
R. Ram, M. Rahaman, D. Khastgir, Electrical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) semi-transparent composites: modelling of DC conductivity. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 69, 30–39 (2015)
M. Arjmand, K. Chizari, B. Krause, P. Pötschke, U. Sundararaj, Effect of synthesis catalyst on structure of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding of their polymeric nanocomposites. Carbon 98, 358–372 (2016)
A.B. da Silva, M. Arjmand, U. Sundararaj, R.E.S. Bretas, Novel composites of copper nanowire/PVDF with superior dielectric properties. Polymer 55(1), 226–234 (2014)
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Taif University for facilitating this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Badawi, A., Alharthi, S.S., Mostafa, N.Y. et al. Effect of carbon quantum dots on the optical and electrical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer for optoelectronic applications. Appl. Phys. A 125, 858 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-3160-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-3160-1