Abstract
Ba0.75Ce0.033Sr0.2Ti0.96Sn0.04O3 ceramic was prepared by solid-state route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the compound shows a tetragonal phase with the space group of P4mm at room temperature. The imaginary part of the impedance (Z″) as a function of frequency reveals the presence of relaxation phenomena. Nyquist plots of impedance exhibit a semicircle arcs at different temperatures and an electrical equivalent circuit of (R1//CPE1) − (R2//CPE2) has been purposed to describe the impedance results. The imaginary part of the complex permittivity (\(\varepsilon^{\prime\prime}\)) and the dielectric factor (tan δ) show a drastic decrease with the frequency. The decrease can be interpreted by the polarization type of Maxwell–Wagner. On the basis of the universal power law of Jonscher, the conductivity can be written as:\(\sigma = \sigma_{{{\text{DC}}}} + A\omega^{n}\). At low frequencies, the conduction mechanism obeys to SPH model and to the CBH model at high frequencies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. Kantha, K. Pengpat, P. Jarupoom, U. Intatha, G. Rujijanagul, T. Tunkasiri, Phase formation and electrical properties of BNLT–BZT lead-free piezoelectric ceramic system. Curr. Appl. Phys. 9, 460–466 (2009)
D. Lin, K.W. Kwok, H.L.W. Chan, Effects of MnO2 on the microstructure and electrical properties of 0.94(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.06Ba(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 lead-free ceramics. Mater. Chem. Phys. 109, 455–458 (2008)
H. Maiwa, Dielectric and electromechanical properties of Ba (ZrxTi1−x)O3 (x = 0.1 and 0.2) ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46, 7013 (2007)
Z. Chen, J. Hu, Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3–Ba (Zr0.04Ti0.96)O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Ceram. Int. 35, 111–115 (2009)
R.H. Upadhyay, A.P. Argekar, R.R. Deshmukh, Characterization, dielectric and electrical behaviour of BaTiO3 nanoparticles prepared via titanium(IV) triethanolaminato isopropoxide and hydrated barium hydroxide. Bull. Mater. Sci. 37(3), 481–489 (2014)
Y. Wei, Y. Song, X. Deng, B. Han, X. Zhang, Y. Shen, Y. Lin, Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3 nanofibers prepared via electrospinning. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 30(8), 743–747 (2014)
P.K. Patel, J. Rani, N. Adhlakha, H. Singh, K.L. Yadav, Enhanced dielectric properties of doped barium titanate ceramics. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 74, 545–549 (2013)
S. Devi, A.K. Jha, Structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of tungsten substituted barium titanate ceramics. Asian J. Chem. 21(10), 117–124 (2009)
H. Kishi, Y. Mizuno, H. Chazono, Base-metal electrode-multilayer ceramic capacitors: past, present and future perspectives. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42, 1–15 (2003)
A. Hussain, J.U. Rahman, A. Zaman, R.A. Malik, J.S. Kim, Field-induced strain and polarization response in lead-free Bi1/2(Na0.80K0.20)1/2TiO3–SrZrO3 ceramics. Mater. Chem. Phys. 143, 1282–1288 (2014)
J.-H. Jeon, Effect of SrTiO3 concentration and sintering temperature on microstructure and dielectric constant of Ba1− xSrxTiO3. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 1045–1048 (2004)
R. Farhi, M. El Marssi, A. Simon, J. Ravez, A Raman and dielectric study of ferroelectric ceramics. Eur. Phys. J. B 9, 599–604 (1999)
Q. Sun, Q. Gu, K. Zhu, R. Jin, J. Liu, J. Wang, J. Qiu, Crystalline structure, defect chemistry and room temperature colossal permittivity of Nd-doped barium titanate. Sci. Rep. 7, 42274 (2017)
K. Maeda, Rhodium-doped barium titanate perovskite as a stable p-type semiconductor photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 2167–2173 (2014)
M.K. Mahata, K. Kumar, V.K. Rai, Structural and optical properties of Er3+/Yb3+ doped barium titanate phosphor prepared by co-precipitation method. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 124, 285–291 (2014)
H. Abdelkefi, H. Khemakhem, G. Velu, J.C. Carru, R. Vonder Muhll, Dielectric properties and ferroelectric phase transitions in BaxSr1−xTiO3 solid solution. J. Alloys. Compd. 399, 1–6 (2005)
L. Zhou, P.M. Vilarinho, J.L. Baptista, Dependence of the structural and dielectric properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 ceramic solid solutions on raw material processing. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 19, 2015 (1999)
V.V. Lemanov, E.P. Smimova, P.P. Syrnikov, E.A. Tarakanov, Phase transitions and glasslike behavior in Sr1−xBaxTiO3. Phys. Rev. B 54, 3151–3157 (1996)
S. Yasmin, S. Choudhury, M.A. Hakim, A.H. Bhuiyan, M.J. Rahman, J. Ceram. Process. Res. 12, 387–391 (2011)
J.H. Hwang, Y.H. Han, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84, 1750–1754 (2001)
M.J. Rahman, S. Choudhury, A.H. Bhuiyan, S.N. Rahman, A.H. Khan, J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 31, 137–141 (2007)
L.X. Fu, L.Y. Zhang, X. Yao, Structural and dielectric properties of Ba0.80Sr0.20Ti(1x)SnxO3 ceramics. J. Electroceram. 21, 561–564 (2008)
X. Wang, B. Li, J. Solid State Commun. 149, 537 (2009)
R. Brahem, H. Rahmouni, N. Farhat, J. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, L.C. Costa, Electrical properties of Sn-doped Ba0.75Sr0.25Ti0.95O3 perovskite. Ceram. Int. 40, 9355–9360 (2014)
F.I.H. Rhouma, A. Dhahri, J. Dhahri, M.A. Valente, Appl. Phys. A 108, 593–600 (2012)
S. Chihaoui, L. Seveyrat, V. Perrin, I. Kallel, L. Lebrun, H. Khemakhem, Ceram. Int. 43(1), 427–432 (2017)
H.M. Rietveld, Line profiles of neutron powder-diffraction peaks for structure refinement. Acta Cryst. 22, 151–152 (1967)
A. Taylor, X-ray Metallography (Wiley, New York, 1961)
P. Ganguly, A.K. Jha, K.L. Deori, Complex impedance studies of tungsten–bronze structured Ba5SmTi3Nb7O30 ferroelectric ceramics. Solid State Commun. 146, 472–477 (2008)
S. Upadhyay, High temperature impedance spectroscopy of barium stannate, BaSnO3. Bull. Mater. Sci. 36, 1019–1036 (2013)
G. Anand, P. Kuchhal, P. Srah, The structure and complex impedance spectroscopy of Sr1−x CaxBi4Ti4O15 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) ceramics. Procedia Mater. Sci. 10, 533–541 (2015)
S. Dash, R.N.P. Choudhary, A. Kumar, Impedance spectroscopy and conduction mechanism of multiferroic (Bi0.6K0.4)(Fe0.6Nb0.4)O3. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 75, 1376–1382 (2014)
H. Singh, A. Kumar, K.L. Yadav, Structural, dielectric, magnetic, magnetodielectric and impedance spectroscopic studies of multiferroic BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 176, 540–547 (2011)
A.K. Jonsher, The universal dynamic response. Nature 267(5613), 673–679 (1977)
S. Chatterjee, P.K. Mahapatra, R.N.P. Choudhary, A.K. Thakur, Complex impedance studies of sodium pyrotungstate—Na2W2O7. Phys. Status Solidi (a) 201, 588–595 (2004)
B. Tiwari, R.N.P. Choudhary, Complex impedance spectroscopic analysis of Mn-modified Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 electroceramics. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 69(11), 2852–2857 (2008)
R.S. Yadav, I. Kuřitka, J. Vilcakova, P. Urbánek, M. Machovsky, M. Masař, M. Holek, Structural, magnetic, optical, dielectric, electrical and modulus spectroscopic characteristics of ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via honey-mediated sol-gel combustion method. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 110, 87–99 (2017)
A. Chen, Y. Zhi, L.E. Cross, Oxygen-vacancy-related low-frequency dielectric relaxation and electrical conduction in Bi:SrTiO3. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 62, 228–236 (2000)
U. Intatha, S. Eitssayeam, J. Wang, T. Tunkasiri, Impedance study of giant dielectric permittivity in BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 perovskite ceramic. Curr. Appl. Phys. 10, 21–25 (2010)
H. Rahmouni, A. Benali, B. Cherif, E. Dhahri, M. Boukhobza, K. Khirouni, M. Sajieddine, Structural and electrical properties of Zn1-xNixFe2O4 ferrite. Phys. B Condens. Matter 466–467, 31–37 (2015)
A. Dhahri, E. Dhahri, E.K. Hlil, Electrical conductivity and dielectric behaviour of nanocrystalline La0.6Gd0.1Sr0.3Mn0.75Si0.25O3. RSC Adv. 8, 9103 (2018)
M. Nadeem, M.J. Akhtar, A.Y. Khan, Effects of low frequency near metal-insulator transition temperatures on polycrystalline La0.65Ca0.35Mn1−yFeyO3 (where y = 0.05–0.10) ceramic oxides, Solid State Commun. 134, 431–436 (2005)
E.J. Abram, D.C. Sinclair, A.R. West, A strategy for analysis and modelling of impedance spectroscopy data of electroceramics: doped lanthanum gallate. J. Electroceramics 10, 165–177 (2003)
A. Omri, M. Bejar, E. Dhahri, M. Es-Souni, M.A. Valente, M.P.F. Graça, L.C. Costa, Electrical conductivity and dielectric analysis of La0.75(Ca,Sr)0.25Mn0.85Ga0.15O3 perovskite compound. J. Alloy. Compd. 536, 173–178 (2012)
S. Sahoo, U. Dash, S.K.S. Parashar, S.M. Ali, Frequency and temperature dependent electrical characteristics of CaTiO3 nano-ceramic prepared by high-energy ball milling. J. Adv. Ceram. 2, 291–300 (2013)
J. Hazarika, A. Kumar, Electric modulus based relaxation dynamics and ac conductivity scaling of polypyrrole nanotubes. Synth. Met. 198, 239–247 (2014)
C. Behera, R.N.P. Choudhary, P.R. Das, Structural and electrical properties of La-modified BiFeO3–BaTiO3 composites. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 25, 2086 (2014)
Q.Q. Ke, X.J. Lou, Y. Wang, J. Wang, Oxygen-vacancy-related relaxation and scaling behaviors of Bi0.9La0.1Fe0.98Mg0.02O3 ferroelectric thin films. Phys. Rev. B 82, 24102 (2010)s
D.K. Pradhan, R.N.P. Choudhary, C. Rinaldi, R.S. Katiyar, Effect of Mn substitution on electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.9La0.1FeO3. J. Appl. Phys. 106, 24102 (2009)
N.F. Mott, E.A. Davis, Electronic Process in Non Crystalline Materials (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1979)
A. von Hippel, Dielectrics and Waves (Wiley, New York, 1954)
C.G. Koops, On the dispersion of resistivity and dielectric constant of some semiconductors at audiofrequencies. Phys. Rev. 83, 121.L (1951)
A.K. Chauhan, K. Shukla, K. Sreenivas, Dielectric and magnetic properties of Nickel ferrite ceramics using crystalline powders derived from DL alanine fuel in sol–gel auto-combustion. Ceram. Int. 41, 8341–8351 (2015)
A.K. Konsher, Universal Relaxation Law (Chelsea Dielectric Press, London, 1996)
S. Nasri, A. Oueslati, I. Chaabane, M. Gargouri, AC conductivity, electric modulus analysis and electrical conduction mechanism of RbFeP2O7 ceramic compound. Ceram. Int. 42, 14041–14048 (2016)
T.M. Meaz, S. Attia, A.M.A. El Ata, Effect of tetravalent titanium ions substitution on the dielectric properties of Co–Zn ferrites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 257, 296–305 (2003)
A. Ghosh, Ac conduction in iron bismuthate glassy semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B 42, 1388 (1990)
I.G. Austin, N.F. Mott, Polarons in crystalline and non-crystalline materials. Adv. Phys. 19, 41 (1969)
S.R. Elliot, A theory of ac conduction in chalcogenide glasses. Philos. Magn. 36, 1291–1304 (1977)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zeydi, I., Zaidi, A., J.Dhahri et al. Frequency and temperature dependent dielectric properties in the lead free Ba0.75Ce0.033Sr0.2Ti0.96Sn0.04O3 ceramics. Appl. Phys. A 125, 656 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2944-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2944-7