Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Surface morphology, optical, and electrochromic properties of nanostructured nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) prepared by sol–gel method: effects of Ni/Fe molar ratios

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nanostructured nickel ferrite (NF) was prepared by the sol–gel method and calcined at 500 °C for 2 h. The effect of Ni/Fe molar ratios (0, 10, 30, 50 %) on structural, morphological, compositional, optical, and magnetic properties of samples was investigated using analytical tools. XRD patterns indicated the presence of hematite phase in the pure and 10 % NF samples. The samples of 30 and 50 % Ni/Fe molar ratios showed the formation of nickel ferrite structure. Using AFM images, power spectrum density analysis were performed for Ni/Fe with different molar ratio. Also the effect of thickness on morphology of 30 % sample was studied. The fractal dimension increases by increasing the Ni/Fe molar ratio. Optical parameters were evaluated by theoretical approach, and compositional dependence of these parameters was discussed comprehensively. Band gap narrowing was observed in nickel ferrite thin films by increasing the nickel contents from 10 to 50 %. Magnetic analysis revealed that increasing nickel content improved the saturation magnetization. Electrochemical measurements indicated that NF thin films have higher total charge density rather than Fe2O3 thin films and the ion storage capacitance of NF thin films increased by increasing the Ni/Fe content.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. Sutka, M. Stingaciu, G. Mezinskis, A. Lusis, J. Mater. Sci. 47, 2856 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. R.R. Bhosale, R.V. Shende, J.A. Puszynski, Energy Power Eng. 4, 27 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  3. R. Galindo, E. Mazario, S. Gutiérrez, M.P. Morales, P. Herrasti, J. Alloys Compd. 536, S241 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Jacob, M.A. Khadar, A. Lonappan, K.T. Mathew, Bull. Mater. Sci. 31, 847 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. S.A. Borisov, J. Kleperis, G. Mezinskis, D. Jakovlevs, I. Juhnevica, J. Aust. Ceram. Soc. 48, 5 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  6. B. Senthilkumar, R. Kalai Selvan, P. Vinothbabu, I. Perelshtein, A. Gedanken, Mater. Chem. Phys. 130, 285 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. S.-Q. Liu, L.-R. Feng, N. Xu, Z.-G. Chen, X.-M. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 203, 432 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Dixit, J.P. Singh, R.C. Srivastava, H.M. Agrawal, R.J. Choudhary, A. Gupta, Surf. Interface Anal. 42, 151 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. B. Jacob, A. Kumar, R.P. Pant, S. Singh, E.M. Mohammed, Bull. Mater. Sci. 34, 1345 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Lavela, J.L. Tirado, J. Power Sources 172, 379 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Senthilkumar, N.K. Sahoo, S. Thakur, R.B. Tokas, Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 1608 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. S.-I. Pyun, H.-C. Shin, J.-W.J. Lee, J.-Y. Go, Electrochemistry of Insertion Materials for Hydrogen and Lithium (Springer, Berlin, 2012)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. T. Maruyama, T. Kanagawa, Electrochem. Soc. 143, 3 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  14. B. Orel, M. Macek, F. Svegl, K. Kalcher, Thin Solid Films 246, 12 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M.K. Zate, S.F. Shaikh, V.V. Jadhav, S.D. Waghmare, D.Y. Ahn, R.S. Mane, S.-H. Han, O.-S. Joo, J. Nanoeng. Nanomanuf. 4, 93 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Mulato, I. Chambouleyron, E.G. Birgin, J.M. Martínez, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2133 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Wemple, M. DiDomenico, Phys. Rev. B 3, 1338 (1971)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. P. Klapetek, D.N. As, C. Anderson, http://www.gwyddion.net/ (2004–2009)

  19. I. Horcas, R. Fernandez, J.M. Gomez-Rodriguez, J. Colchero, J. Gomez-Herrero, A.M. Baro, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 013705 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Patterson, Phys. Rev. 56, 978 (1939)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. S.K. Sahoo, K. Agarwal, A.K. Singh, B.G. Polke, K.C. Raha, Eng. Sci. Technol. 2, 9 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  22. F.B. Li, X.Z. Li, C.S. Liu, T.X. Liu, J. Hazard. Mater. 149, 199 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Hajalilou, M. Hashim, R. Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, H. Mohamed Kamari, N. Sarami, Ceram. Int. 40, 5881 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. H.S. Zhang, J.L. Endrino, A. Anders, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 2551 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Monemdjou, F.E. Ghodsi, J. Mazloom, Superlattices Microstruct. 74, 19 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. N.K. Sahoo, S. Thakur, R.B. Tokas, Thin Solid Films 503, 85 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. D. Raoufi, Phys. B Condens. Matter 405, 451 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. B.B. Mandelbrot, The Fractal Geometry of Nature (Freeman, San Francisco, 1982)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. A.L. Ahmad, N.F. Idrus, S.R. Abd Shukor, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89, 1694 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. H.C. Shin, S. Pyun, J. Go, J. Electroanal. Chem. 531, 101 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. T. Kessler, A. Visintin, A.E. Bolzan, G. Andreasen, R.C. Salvarezza, W.E. Triaca, A.J. Arvia, Langmuir 12, 6587 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A.K. Bisoi, J. Mishra, Pattern Recognit. Lett. 22, 631 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. T. Silk, Q. Hong, J. Tamm, R.G. Compton, Synth. Met. 93, 65 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Y. Cao, C. Zhou, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 333, 1 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. X. Yan, W. Li, A.G. Aberle, S. Venkataraj, Vacuum 123, 151 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. D. Raoufi, A. Kiasatpour, H.R. Fallah, A.S.H. Rozatian, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 9085 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. X.Y. Zhang, D. Gall, Thin Solid Films 518, 3813 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. A.A. Al Ghamdi, S. Al-Heniti, S.A. Khan, J. Lumin. 135, 295 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. M.F. Al Kuhaili, M. Saleem, S.M.A. Durrani, J. Alloys Compd. 521, 178 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. N. Ozer, F. Tepehan, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 56, 12 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. A.I. Ali, J.Y. Son, A.H. Ammar, A. Abdel Moez, Y.S. Kim, Results Phys. 3, 167 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. A.A.M. Farag, M. Cavaş, F. Yakuphanoglu, F.M. Amanullah, J. Alloys Compd. 509, 7900 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. J.C. Tauc, Optical Properties of Solids (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1972)

    Google Scholar 

  44. S.S. Shinde, R.A. Bansode, C.H. Bhosale, K.Y. Rajpure, J. Semicond. 32, 013001 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. B. Ouertani, J. Ouerfelli, M. Saadoun, H. Ezzaouia, B. Bessaïs, Thin Solid Films 516, 8584 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. Q. Zhang, X. Lu, L. Chen, Y. Shi, T. Xu, M. Liu, Mater. Lett. 106, 447 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. M.A. Garcia Lobato, A.I. Martinez, M. Castro-Roman, C. Falcony, L. Escobar-Alarcon, Phys. B Condens. Matter 406, 1496 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. E.E. Kalu, T.T. Nwoga, V. Srinivasan, J.W. Weidner, J. Power Sources 92, 163 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. S. Mattsson, G.A. Niklasson, C.G. Granqvist, Phys. Rev. B 54, 4 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. J.Y. Go, S.I. Pyun, Y.D. Hahn, J. Electroanal. Chem. 549, 49 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. M. Arvand and employers of electrochemistry laboratory for CV measurements and University of Guilan Research Council for the support of this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Namjoo Avenue, P.O. Box 413351914, Rasht, Iran

    Z. Bazhan, F. E. Ghodsi & J. Mazloom

Authors
  1. Z. Bazhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F. E. Ghodsi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Mazloom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to F. E. Ghodsi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bazhan, Z., Ghodsi, F.E. & Mazloom, J. Surface morphology, optical, and electrochromic properties of nanostructured nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) prepared by sol–gel method: effects of Ni/Fe molar ratios. Appl. Phys. A 122, 551 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9669-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9669-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation