Abstract
A major objective of all conservation treatments is to increase the physical and chemical stability of the objects being treated. Given that photographic gelatin emulsions are highly susceptible to different forms of damage such as flaking, cracking, and powdering, consolidation treatments often form an important part of the stabilization process. The application of nanomaterials is a new approach in photograph conservation, which will hopefully enable the control of the properties of traditional consolidants, thus improving their performance. In this study, gelatin nanoparticles and nanolayers were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering for testing on damaged gelatin emulsion. The nanolayers were prepared by a two-step desolvation method, in order to obtain gelatin nanoparticles, followed by a third step involving rapid solvent evaporation. The prepared particles were found to have a spherical shape with sizes varying from 33 to 216 nm and a mean size of 42 nm depending on the conditions of synthesis. This research showed that both pH and temperature are very effective on particle size. Further studies are being planned to evaluate the benefits and potential problems of in situ consolidation of damaged gelatin emulsion using gelatin nanolayer technique.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
U.B. Kejser, M.S. Koch, M.S., Characterization of Photographic Gelatin by 2D Electrophoresis, the 9th international congress of IADA, Copenhagen, August 15–21 (1999), p. 251
A. Elzoghby, Gelatin-based nanoparticles as drug and gene delivery systems: reviewing three decades of research. J. Control. Release 172, 3 (2013)
A. Sailaja, P. Amareshwar, P. Chakravarty, Different techniques used for the preparation of nanoparticles using natural polymers and their applications. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 3, 2 (2011)
S. Gorgieva, V. Kokol, in Biomaterials Applications for Nanomedicine, ed. By R. Pignatello (InTech, 2011), p. 23
K. Singh, A. Mishra, Gelatin nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and application in drug delivery. IJPSR 5, 6 (2014)
S. Khan, M. Schneider, Stabilization of gelatin nanoparticles without crosslinking. Macromol. Biosci. 14, 11 (2014)
M. Jahanshahi, M. Sanati, S. Hajizadeh, Z. Babaei, Gelatin nanoparticle fabrication and optimization of the particle size. Phys. Status Solidi A 205, 12 (2008)
K. Zwiorek, Gelatin nanoparticles as delivery system for nucleotide-based drugs, PhD Dissertation, Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (2006)
Z. Babaei, M. Jahanshahi, M. Sanati, Fabrication and evaluation of gelatin nanoparticles for delivering of anti-cancer drug. IJNN 4, 1 (2008)
S. HallajNezhadi, H. Valizadeh, B. Baradaran, F. Dobakhti, F. Lotfipour, Preparation and characterization of gelatin nanoparticles containing pDNA encoding IL-12 and their expression in CT-26 carcinoma cells. Future Oncol. 9, 8 (2013)
C. Farrugia, M. Groves, Gelatin behaviour in dilute aqueous solution: designing a nanoparticulate formulation. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 51, 643 (1999)
A. Green, Studies in the physical chemistry of the proteins: VIII. The solubility of hemoglobin in concentrated salt solutions. A study of the salting out of proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 93, 495 (1931)
S. Fuchs, Gelatin nanoparticles as a modern platform for drug delivery. PhD Dissertation, Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (2010)
J. Zhang, in Protein–Protein Interactions—Computational and Experimental Tools, ed. by W. Cai, H. Hong (InTech, 2012), p. 395
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ali, M.A., Ali, M.F., Ciliberto, E. et al. A new method for the preparation of gelatin nanolayer: a possible approach to the in situ consolidation of damaged gelatin photographic emulsions. Appl. Phys. A 122, 552 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0054-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0054-3