Skip to main content
Log in

Two-dimensional QR-coded metamaterial absorber

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, the design of metamaterial absorbers is proposed based on QR coding and topology optimization. Such absorbers look like QR codes and can be recognized by decoding softwares as well as mobile phones. To verify the design, two lightweight wideband absorbers are designed, which can achieve wideband absorption above 90 % in 6.68–19.30 and 7.00–19.70 GHz, respectively. More importantly, polarization-independent absorption over 90 % can be maintained under incident angle within 55°. The QR code absorber not only can achieve wideband absorption, but also can carry information such as texts and Web sites. They are of important values in applications such identification and electromagnetic protection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D.R. Smith, J.B. Pendry, M.C.K. Wiltshire, Metamaterials and negative refractive index. Science 305, 788–792 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. J.B. Pendry, Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. H. Tao, N.I. Landy, C.M. Bingham, X. Zhang, R.D. Averitt, W.J. Padilla, A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: design, fabrication and characterization. Opt. Express 16, 7181–7188 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Ge, K.P. Esselle, GA/FDTD technique for the design and optimization of periodic metamaterials. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 1, 158–164 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. C.H. Chen, P.Y. Chen, H. Wang, J.H. Tsai, W.X. Ni, Synthesis design of artificial magnetic metamaterials using a genetic algorithm. Opt. Express 16, 12806–12818 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. C. Della Giovampaola, N. Engheta, Digital metamaterials. Nat. Mater. 13(12), 1115–1121 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. T.J. Cui, M.Q. Qi, X. Wan et al., Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl. 3(10), e218 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. L.H. Gao, Q. Cheng, J. Yang et al., Broadband diffusion of terahertz waves by multi-bit coding metasurfaces. Light Sci. Appl. 4, e324 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. L. Liang, M. Qi, J. Yang et al., Anomalous terahertz reflection and scattering by flexible and conformal coding metamaterials. Adv. Opt. Mater. 3, 1374–1380 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Sui, H. Ma et al., Topology optimization design of a lightweight ultra-broadband wide-angle resistance frequency selective surface absorber. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 48, 215101 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. ISO/IEC 18004:2000 Information technology-Automatic identification and data capture techniques-Bar code Symbology-QR Code (2000), http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=30789

  12. Y. Liu, J. Yang, M. Liu, Recognition of QR Code with mobile phones. in Control and Decision Conference, Chinese (IEEE, 2008), pp. 203–206

  13. K. Diest, Numerical Methods for Metamaterial Design (Springer, Netherlands, 2013), p. 127

    Book  Google Scholar 

  14. Y.Q. Pang, Y.J. Zhou, J. Wang, Equivalent circuit method analysis of the influence of frequency selective surface resistance on the frequency response of metamaterial absorbers. J. Appl. Phys. 110, 023704 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 61331005, 11274389, 61471388, 61501497, 61501502), the Innovation team of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2014KCT-05), and the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (FANEDD) (Grant No. 201242).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sai Sui.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sui, S., Ma, H., Wang, J. et al. Two-dimensional QR-coded metamaterial absorber. Appl. Phys. A 122, 28 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9545-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9545-x

Keywords

Navigation