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Structural and compositional modification of a barium boroaluminosilicate glass surface by thermal poling

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Abstract

In addition to inducing second-order nonlinear properties, significant structural and compositional alteration can be imparted to glass surfaces during the process of thermal poling. In this work, we focus on how thermal poling affects a structurally complex, nominally alkali-free boroaluminosilicate display glass composition. We provide evidence for electrolysis of the glass network, characterized by the migration of both cations (Ba2+, Na+) and anions (O−, F−) towards opposing electrode interfaces. This process results in oxidation of the positively biased electrode and forms a network-former rich, modifier-depleted glass surface layer adjacent to the anodic interface. The modified glass layer thickness is qualitatively correlated to the oxidation resistance of the electrode material, while extrinsic ions such as H+/H3O+ at not found in the depletion layer to compensate for the migration of modifier cations out of the region. Rather, FTIR spectroscopy suggests a local restructuring of the B2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 network species to accommodate the charge imbalance created by the exodus of network-modifying cations, specifically the conversion of tetrahedral B(4) to trigonal B(3) as Ba or Na ions are removed from B-related sites in the parent network. The resultant poling-induced depletion layer exhibits enhanced hydrolytic resistance under acidic conditions, and the IR spectra are substantially unlike those produced by acid leaching the same glass.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge The Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-05-1-0541 and the Penn State Materials Research Institute for partial funding of this work. The authors also thank Vince Bojan and Josh Stapleton (Penn State University) for their help and guidance regarding materials analysis throughout this work.

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  1. Nicholas J. Smith

    Present address: Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA

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  1. Department of Material Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Nicholas J. Smith & Carlo G. Pantano

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Correspondence to Carlo G. Pantano.

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Smith, N.J., Pantano, C.G. Structural and compositional modification of a barium boroaluminosilicate glass surface by thermal poling. Appl. Phys. A 116, 529–543 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8467-3

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