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Conical surface structures on model thin-film electrodes and tape-cast electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

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Abstract

Three-dimensional structures in cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries were investigated in this study. For this purpose, laser structuring of lithium cobalt oxide was investigated at first for a thin-film model system and in a second step for conventional tape-cast electrode materials.

The model thin-film cathodes with a thickness of 3 μm were deposited using RF magnetron sputtering on stainless steel substrates. The films were structured via excimer laser radiation with a wavelength of 248 nm. By adjusting the laser fluence, self-organized conical microstructures were formed. Using conventional electrodes, tape-cast cathodes made of LiCoO2 with a film thickness of about 80 μm on aluminum substrates were studied. It was shown that self-organizing surface structures could be formed by adjustment of the laser parameters. To investigate the formation mechanisms of the conical topography, the element composition was studied by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical cycling using a lithium anode and conventional electrolyte was applied to study the influence of the laser processing procedures on cell performance. For the model electrode system, a significantly higher discharge capacity of 80 mAh/g could be obtained after 110 cycles by laser structuring compared to 8 mAh/g of the unstructured thin film. On conventional tape-cast electrodes self-organized surface structures could also increase the cycling stability resulting in an 80 % increase in capacity after 110 cycles in comparison to the unstructured electrode.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) in the BMBF-project 03SF0344A “Li-ion battery cells based on novel nanocomposite materials” (LIB-NANO) in the framework of “Lithium-Ion Battery LIB-2015”. Finally, the support by the Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF, www.kit.edu/knmf) for laser processing is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany

    R. Kohler, J. Proell, S. Ulrich, H. J. Seifert & W. Pfleging

  2. Institute for Applied Materials-Materials Processing Technology (IAM-WPT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany

    M. Bruns

  3. Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, H.-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Egg.-Leopoldshafen, Germany

    W. Pfleging

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  1. R. Kohler
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  2. J. Proell
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  3. M. Bruns
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  4. S. Ulrich
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  5. H. J. Seifert
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  6. W. Pfleging
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Correspondence to R. Kohler.

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Kohler, R., Proell, J., Bruns, M. et al. Conical surface structures on model thin-film electrodes and tape-cast electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Appl. Phys. A 112, 77–85 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-7205-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-7205-y

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