Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with totally hollow channels and/or totally filled copper nanowires have been fabricated by methane decomposition using copper microgrid as a catalyst at 1173 K. The formation mechanism of CNTs with totally hollow channels is carbon precipitation at carbon-metal interface via the preferable surface diffusion mode of carbon. The selectivity of these CNTs can be improved by increasing the purity of copper catalysts and adding hydrogen in the feed gas. To form long and continuous copper nanowires up to 8–10 μm the filling of copper in the CNT channel requires the liquid or quasi-liquid state capillary adsorption of nanosized copper at 1173 K under the thermal driving force. The filling volume ratio of copper to total nano-channel of the CNTs is firstly increased to about 50%. The copper inside the CNTs is of single crystalline form and face centered cubic (fcc) structure. The method is useful for further controlled synthesis of CNTs with totally hollow channels and/or totally copper filled nanowires.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P.M. Ajayan, T.W. Ebbesen, T. Ichihashi, S. Iijima, K. Tanigaki, H. Hiura, Nature 362, 522 (1993)
S.C. Tsang, Y.K. Chen, P.J.F. Harris, M.L.H. Green, Nature 372, 159 (1994)
C. Guerret-Pie’court, Y.L. Bouar, A. Loiseau, H. Pascard, Nature 372, 761 (1994)
Y. Yosida, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3048 (1994)
X.Y. Tao, X.B. Zhang, J.P. Cheng, Z.Q. Luo, S.M. Zhou, F. Liu, Diam. Relat. Mater. 15, 1271 (2006)
Y.H. Gao, Y. Bando, Nature 415, 599 (2002)
G.L. Hwang, K.C. Hwang, Y.T. Shieh, S.J. Lin, Chem. Mater. 15, 1353 (2003)
O. Hjortatam, P. Isberg, S. Soderholm, H.J. Dai, Appl. Phys. A 78, 1175 (2004)
N. Grobert, W.K. Hsu, Y.Q. Zhu, J.P. Hare, H.W. Kroto, D.R.M. Walton, M. Terrones, M. Ruhle, R. Escudero, F. Morales, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3363 (1999)
Z. Zhou, J.J. Zhao, Z.F. Chen, X. Gao, J.P. Lu, P.v.R. Schleyer, C.K. Yang, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 2529 (2006)
Y. Gao, J. Liu, M. Shi, S.H. Elder, J.W. Virden, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 3642 (1999)
Z.Y. Wang, Z.B. Zhao, J.S. Qiu, Carbon 44, 1845 (2006)
W.Z. Qian, F. Wei, T. Liu, Z.W. Wang, Solid State Commun. 126, 365 (2003)
X.R. Ye, Y.H. Lin, C.M. Wang, C.M. Wai, Adv. Mater. 15, 316 (2003)
S. Liu, J. Zhu, Appl. Phys. A 70, 673 (2000)
W.Z. Li, J.G. Wen, Y. Tu, Z.F. Ren, Appl. Phys. A 73, 259 (2001)
T. Katayama, H. Araki, K. Yoshino, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 6675 (2002)
O.A. Louchev, T. Laude, Y. Sato, H. Kanda, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 7622 (2003)
V. Ivanov, A. Fonseca, J.B. Nagy, A. Lucas, P. Lambin, D. Bernaerts, X.B. Zhang, Carbon 33, 1727 (1995)
V. Ivanov, J.B. Nagy, P. Lambin, A. Lucas, X.B. Zhang, X.F. Zhang, D. Bernaerts, G. Vantendeloo, S. Amelinckx, J. Vanlanduyt, Chem. Phys. Lett. 223, 329 (1994)
A.A. Setlur, J.M. Lauerhaas, J.Y. Dai, R.P.H. Chang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 345 (1996)
G.Y. Zhang, E.G. Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1926 (2003)
W.Z. Qian, T. Liu, F. Wei, Z.W. Wang, Carbon 41, 2683 (2003)
W.Y. Choi, J.W. Kang, H.J. Hwang, Phys. Rev. B 68, 193405 (2003)
L. Hui, B.L. Wang, J.L. Wang, G.H. Wang, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 3431 (2004)
W.A. Jesser, R.Z. Shneck, W.W. Gile, Phys. Rev. B 69, 144121 (2004)
I.V. Golosovsky, R.G. Delaplane, A.A. Naberezhnov, Y.A. Kumzerov, Phys. Rev. B 69, 132301 (2004)
A.K. Schaper, H. Hou, A. Greiner, R. Schneider, F. Phillipp, Appl. Phys. A 78, 73 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
PACS
81.07.De; 82.33.Ya
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Q., Qian, W., Yu, H. et al. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes with totally hollow channels and/or with totally copper filled nanowires. Appl. Phys. A 86, 265–269 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-006-3770-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-006-3770-2