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Monitoring nanoparticle formation during laser ablation of graphite in an atmospheric-pressure ambient

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Abstract

Excimer laser ablation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was performed at atmospheric pressure in an N2 and in an air ambient. During the ablation, nanoparticles condensed from the material ejecta, and their size distribution was monitored in the gas phase by a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) in combination with a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC). Size distributions obtained at different laser repetition rates revealed that the interaction between subsequent laser pulses and formed particles became significant above ∼15 Hz. This interaction resulted in laser heating, leading to considerable evaporation and a decrease in the size of the particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that approximately 8% nitrogen was incorporated into the CNx particles generated in the N2 ambient, and that the nitrogen was mostly bonded to sp3-hybridized carbon. Monodisperse particles were also deposited and were analyzed by means of Raman spectroscopy to monitor size-induced effects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Angström Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden

    L. Landström & M. Boman

  2. Department of General Physics and Laser Spectroscopy, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Hungary

    Zs. Márton

  3. The Angstrom Laboratory, Department of Solid State Physics, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden

    P. Heszler

Authors
  1. L. Landström
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  2. Zs. Márton
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  3. M. Boman
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  4. P. Heszler
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Correspondence to L. Landström.

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PACS

81.07.-b; 61.46.+w; 79.70.+q

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Landström, L., Márton, Z., Boman, M. et al. Monitoring nanoparticle formation during laser ablation of graphite in an atmospheric-pressure ambient. Appl. Phys. A 79, 537–542 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-003-2364-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-003-2364-5

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