Abstract
The daubed shanny Leptoclinus maculatus is a relatively common fish species in Svalbard waters, but little is known about its reproduction. In total, 207 specimens (76 females, 131 males) were collected and examined. Gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic indices were significantly higher in females (mean 2.8 and 2.7%, respectively) than males (mean 0.3 and 1.8%) in all seasons. The GSI of females was highest during autumn and winter (18.5%) while the GSI of males was highest in winter (1.7%). Females become sexually mature at 125 mm standard length (SL) and 7 years of age while males become sexually mature at similar length and 6 years of age. The number of oocytes in gonads increased with SL and age and comprised two groups: (1) 115–124 mm SL, 5–7 g gutted weight (GW) and 5–6 years of age with potential fecundity of 950–1850 oocytes, (2) 125–134 mm SL, 7–9 g GW and 7–12 years of age with 1250–2800 oocytes. The daubed shanny seems to spawn all its ripe oocytes during one spawning event each year. Fish become sexually dimorphic after maturation, and differences in sexual morphology are likely linked to reproduction, with female parental care and territorial defence for males. The reproductive strategy of daubed shanny is characterized by late maturation, relatively low fecundity and large size of offspring, i.e. large investment in relatively few offspring.
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Acknowledgements
This work is supported by Statoil and Arctos. We also acknowledge the TUNU-Programme (UiT- The Arctic University of Norway) for our participation and thus opportunity for sampling of material on the TUNU-III Expedition 2007. We would like to thank the crew of RV Helmer Hanssen for their assistance.
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The sampling was carried out at UiT or UNIS cruises. Both institutions have strict guidelines related to minimizing environmental impacts through field-related activities, and all activities are carried out according to the current HSE guidelines at UiT and UNIS (e.g. see www.unis.no/resources/hse/). These institutions obtain permits from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries to conduct scientific surveys (incl. bottom trawling) in Svalbard waters. No ethical issues have been identified connected to the project.
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Meyer Ottesen, C.A., Hop, H., Falk-Petersen, S. et al. Reproduction and sexual dimorphism of daubed shanny (Teleostei: Leptoclinus maculatus) in Svalbard waters. Polar Biol 41, 1867–1880 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2328-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2328-z