Abstract
The radiation of notothenioid fishes (Perciformes) in Antarctic waters was likely the result of an absence of competition in the isolated Antarctic waters and key traits such as the production of antifreeze glycoprotein and buoyancy modifications. Although notothenioids lack a swim bladder, the buoyancy of Antarctic species, ranging from neutrally buoyant to relatively heavy, corresponds to diverse life styles. The buoyancy of South American notothenioids has not been studied. Static buoyancy was measured in adult notothenioids (n = 263, from six species of the sub-order Notothenioidei, families Bovichtidae, Eleginopidae, Nototheniidae, and Harpagiferidae) from the Beagle Channel. Measurements were expressed as percentage buoyancy (%B). Buoyancy ranged from 3.88 to 6.96% (median, 4.0–6.7%), and therefore, all species could be considered benthic consistent with previous studies that found that neutral buoyancy in notothenioids is rare. Harpagifer bispinis, Patagonotothen cornucola, and Cottoperca gobio were significantly less buoyant than Paranotothenia magellanica. The buoyancy values of most species were concordant with known habitat preferences. These data, especially the data of C. gobio (sister lineage of all other nototehnioids) and E. maclovinus (sister lineage of the Antarctic clade of notothenioids), could be useful for understanding the diversification of this feature during the notothenioid radiation.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Tomás Chalde, Facundo Llompart, Eliana Tetamanzi and Eugenia Di Fiore for sampling assistance. We would like to thank Daniel Aureliano, Sonia Rimbau, Marcelo Gutierrez, Mariela Victorio and Eliana Gonzales for lab assistance. We would like to acknowledge Dr. Jorge Calvo for his intellectual input into the project. We would like to thank Joe Eastman, Tom Near and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on the original manuscript. Sheryl Macnie and Sandy Becker provided English editorial assistance. Funds for the project were provided by Agencia PICT 38152 and PICT 906, and CONICET PIP 6187.
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Fernández, D.A., Ceballos, S.G., Malanga, G. et al. Buoyancy of sub-Antarctic notothenioids including the sister lineage of all other notothenioids (Bovichtidae). Polar Biol 35, 99–106 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1037-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1037-7