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Involvement of alternative oxidase (AOX) in adventitious rooting of Olea europaea L. microshoots is linked to adaptive phenylpropanoid and lignin metabolism

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Abstract

Alternative oxidase (AOX) has been proposed as a functional marker candidate in a number of events involving cell differentiation, including rooting efficiency in semi-hardwood shoot cuttings of olive (Olea europaea L.). To ascertain the general importance of AOX in olive rooting, the auxin-induced rooting process was studied in an in vitro system for microshoot propagation. Inhibition of AOX by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) significantly reduced rooting efficiency. However, the inhibitor failed to exhibit any effect on the preceding calli stage. This makes the system appropriate for distinguishing dedifferentiation and de novo differentiation during root induction. Metabolite analyses of microshoots showed that total phenolics, total flavonoids and lignin contents were significantly reduced upon SHAM treatment. It was concluded that the influence of alternative respiration on root formation was associated to adaptive phenylpropanoid and lignin metabolism. Transcript profiles of two olive AOX genes (OeAOX1a and OeAOX2) were examined during the process of auxin-induced root induction. Both genes displayed stable transcript accumulation in semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis during all experimental stages. In contrary, when the reverse primer for OeAOX2 was designed from the 3′-UTR instead of the ORF, differential transcript accumulation was observed suggesting posttranscriptional regulation of OeAOX2 during metabolic acclimation. This result confirms former observations in olive semi-hardwood shoot cuttings on differential OeAOX2 expression during root induction. It further points to the importance of future studies on the functional role of sequence and length polymorphisms in the 3′-UTR of this gene.

Key message The manuscript reports the general importance of AOX in olive adventitious rooting and the association of alternative respiration to adaptive phenylpropanoid and lignin metabolism.

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Abbreviations

AOX:

Alternative oxidase

Cyt:

Cytochrome

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SHAM:

Salicylhydroxamic acid

SQ-RT-PCR:

Semi-quantitative RT-PCR

TGA:

Thioglycolic acid

UTR:

Untranslated region

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Acknowledgments

Research of this paper was financially supported by FEDER Funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors (COMPETE) and National Funds through Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the project PTDC/AGR-AAM/103377/2008 and the scholarships to Elisete Santos Macedo (SFRH/BD/22061/2005) and to Debabrata Sircar (SFRH/BPD/65788/2009). The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Jan T. Svensson (University of Copenhagen) for comments on the manuscript and language revision.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. EU Marie Curie Chair, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, ICAAM, University of Évora, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal

    E. Santos Macedo, D. Sircar, H. G. Cardoso & B. Arnholdt-Schmitt

  2. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, ICAAM, University of Évora, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal

    A. Peixe

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  1. E. Santos Macedo
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  2. D. Sircar
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  3. H. G. Cardoso
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  4. A. Peixe
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  5. B. Arnholdt-Schmitt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Arnholdt-Schmitt.

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Communicated by M. Petersen.

E. Santos Macedo and D. Sircar contributed equally.

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Santos Macedo, E., Sircar, D., Cardoso, H.G. et al. Involvement of alternative oxidase (AOX) in adventitious rooting of Olea europaea L. microshoots is linked to adaptive phenylpropanoid and lignin metabolism. Plant Cell Rep 31, 1581–1590 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-012-1272-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-012-1272-6

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