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Endogenous cytokinins in Cocos nucifera L. in vitro cultures obtained from plumular explants

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Abstract

Auxin induces in vitro somatic embryogenesis in coconut plumular explants through callus formation. Embryogenic calli and non-embryogenic calli can be formed from the initial calli. Analysis of endogenous cytokinins showed the occurrence of cytokinins with aromatic and aliphatic side chains. Fourteen aliphatic cytokinins and four aromatic cytokinins were analysed in the three types of calli and all the cytokinins were found in each type, although some in larger proportions than others. The most abundant cytokinins in each type of callus were isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside, zeatin-9-glucoside, zeatin riboside, isopentenyladenine riboside, dihydrozeatin and dihydrozeatin riboside in decreasing order. Total cytokinin content was compared between the three types of calli, and it was found to be lower in embryogenic calli compared to non-embryogenic calli or initial calli. The same pattern was observed for individual cytokinins. When explants were cultured in media containing exogenously added cytokinins, the formation of embryogenic calli in the explants was reduced. When 8-azaadenine (an anticytokinin) was added the formation of embryogenic calli and somatic embryos was increased. These results suggest that the difference in somatic embryo formation capacity observed between embryogenic calli and non-embryogenic calli is related to their endogenous cytokinin contents.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxiacetic acid

BAP:

6-Benzylaminopurine

BAP9G:

6-Benzylaminopurine-9-glucoside

BAPR:

6-Benzylaminopurine riboside

BAPR5′P:

6-Benzylaminopurine ribotide

DHZ:

Dihydrozeatin

DHZR:

Dihydrozeatin riboside

DHZ9G:

Dihydrozeatin-9-glucoside

DHZR5′P:

Dihydrozeatin ribotide

iP:

Isopentenyladenine

iPR:

Isopentenyladenine riboside

iP9G:

Isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside

iPR5′P:

Isopentenyladenine ribotide

mT:

Meta-Topolin 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)purine

mT9G:

Meta-Topolin-9-glucoside

mTR:

Meta-Topolin-riboside

oT:

Ortho-Topolin 6-(2-hydroxybenzylamino)purine

oT9G:

Ortho-Topolin 9-glucoside

oTR:

Ortho-Topolin riboside

Z:

Zeatin

ZR:

Zeatin riboside

Z9G:

Zeatin-9-glucoside

ZR5′P:

Zeatin ribotide

ZOG:

Zeatin-O-glucoside

ZROG:

Zeatin riboside-O-glucoside

FW:

Fresh weight

SE:

Somatic embryogenesis

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to H. Martínková for excellent technical assistance. L. Sáenz would like to acknowledge the continuing support from the Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán and CONACyT (88207). A. Azpeitia would like to acknowledge continuing support from Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias and CONACyT (119335). Research in the Czech Republic was supported by Ministry of Education Grant No. MSM 6198959216 and Academy of Science Grant No. IBS5038351.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, C.P., 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    L. Sáenz & C. Oropeza

  2. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuaria, Campo Experimental Huimanguillo Km 1 Carr., Apdo. Postal No. 17, C.P. 86400, Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico

    A. Azpeitia

  3. 17 Marriotts Close, Felmersham, Bedford, MK43 7HD, UK

    L. H. Jones

  4. Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Slechtitelu 11, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    K. Fuchsova, L. Spichal & M. Strnad

Authors
  1. L. Sáenz
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  2. A. Azpeitia
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  3. C. Oropeza
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  4. L. H. Jones
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  5. K. Fuchsova
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  6. L. Spichal
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  7. M. Strnad
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Sáenz.

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Communicated by M. Jordan.

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Sáenz, L., Azpeitia, A., Oropeza, C. et al. Endogenous cytokinins in Cocos nucifera L. in vitro cultures obtained from plumular explants. Plant Cell Rep 29, 1227–1234 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-010-0906-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-010-0906-9

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