Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Exercise programs for scoliosis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomized-controlled study

  • Clinical Trials
  • Published:
Rheumatology International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

By improving core strength and stability, children with JIA can experience increased endurance, reduced pain, and improved posture. No study was found that investigated the effectiveness of 3-Dimension (3D) exercises in JIA. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of structured 3D exercises with that of a conventional exercise program specially planned for children with JIA who have scoliosis. This was a prospective, randomized-controlled study. Structured 3D scoliosis exercises for Group 1 (n: 25) and conventional exercises for the Group 2 (n: 25) were applied for 24 weeks. The angle of trunk rotation (ATR) by scoliometer, scoliosis angle by Cobb angle, pain by a numerical rating scale (NRS), respiratory functions by spirometry, and perception of cosmetic deformity by The Walter Reed visual assessment scale (WRVAS) were evaluated. ATR, Cobb angle, and pain in Group I showed significant improvement compared to Group II. While the sub-parameters of WRVAS and increased significantly in both groups, the improvement in Group I was found to be greater between the groups. While FVC (%) and FEV1 (%) results within the group were significant in both groups. 3D exercises and conventional exercises are an effective and feasible method in the treatment of scoliosis in these children. Despite the curative effect of both methods, 3D exercises have been proven in this study to be more effective on Cobb angle, ATR, WRAS, and respiratory parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.

References

  1. Adrovic A, Kasapcopur O (2019) Pediatric rheumatology in Turkey. Rheumatol Int 39(3):431–440

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bettany-Saltikov J, Parent E, Romano M, Villagrasa M, Negrini S (2014) Physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 50(1):111–121

    CAS  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kisa EP, Tarakci E, Leblebici G et al (2023) Comparison of the effectiveness of the personalized schroth exercise and conventional therapy for scoliosis in children with rheumatic disease. Ann Rheum Dis 82:2086

    Google Scholar 

  4. Tarakcı E, Kısa EP, Arman N, Albayrak A (2021) Physical activity and exercise in patients with pediatric rheumatic disease: a systematic search and review. Turk Arch Pediatr 56(3):179

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG et al (2018) 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord 13(1):1–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Park JH, Jeon HS, Park HW (2018) Effects of the Schroth exercise on idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 54(3):603–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ko K-J, Kang S-J (2017) Effects of 12-week core stabilization exercise on the Cobb angle and lumbar muscle strength of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. J Exer Rehabil 13(2):244–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dimitrijević V, Viduka D, Šćepanović T et al (2022) Effects of Schroth method and core stabilization exercises on idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 31(12):3500–3511

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kocaman H, Bek N, Kaya MH, Buyukturan B, Yetis M, Buyukturan O (2021) The effectiveness of two different exercise approaches in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a single-blind, randomized-controlled trial. PLoS ONE 16(4):e0249492

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Abdel Ghafar MA, Or A, Aa A-A et al (2022) Pulmonary function and aerobic capacity responses to equine-assisted therapy in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med 54:jrm0296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kotwicki T (2008) Evaluation of scoliosis today: Examination, X-rays and beyond. Disabil Rehabil 30(10):742–751

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Amendt LE, Ause-Ellias KL, Eybers JL, Wadsworth CT, Nielsen DH, Weinstein SL (1990) Validity and reliability testing of the Scoliometer®. Phys Ther 70(2):108–117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Price DD, McGrath PA, Rafii A, Buckingham B (1983) The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain. Pain 17(1):45–56

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Çolak I, Çolak KT (2020) A study of the reliability and validity of the turkish version of the walter reed visual assessment scale in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. J Turkish Spinal Surg 31(3):125–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tsiligiannis T, Grivas T (2012) Pulmonary function in children with idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis 7(1):7

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Emery K, De Serres SJ, McMillan A, Côté JN (2010) The effects of a Pilates training program on arm-trunk posture and movement. Clin Biomech 25(2):124–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kim G, Hwangbo PN (2016) Effects of schroth and pilates exercises on the cobb angle and weight distribution of patients with scoliosis. J Phys Ther Sci 28(3):1012–1015

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Otman S, Kose N, Yakut Y (2005) The efficacy of Schroth’s 3-dimensional exercise therapy in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Turkey. Neurosciences 10(4):277–283

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Schreiber S, Parent EC, Moez EK et al (2016) Schroth physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises added to the standard of care lead to better cobb angle outcomes in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: an assessor and statistician blinded randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 11(12):e0168746

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Schreiber S, Parent EC, Hill DL, Hedden DM, Moreau MJ, Southon SC (2019) Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis perceive positive improvements regardless of change in the Cobb angle - Results from a randomized controlled trial comparing a 6-month Schroth intervention added to standard care and standard care alone. SOSORT 2018 Award winner. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20(1):1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Negrini S, Zaina F, Romano M, Negrini A, Parzini S (2008) Specific exercises reduce brace prescription in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective controlled cohort study with worst-case analysis. J Rehabil Med 40(6):451–455

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ceballos-Laıta L, Carrasco-Urıbarren A, Cabanıllas-Barea S, Pérez-Guıllén S, Pardos-Aguılella P, Jıménez Del Barrıo S (2023) The effectiveness of Schroth method in Cobb angle, quality of life and trunk rotation angle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.23.07654-2

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Klepper S, Mano Khong TT, Klotz R, Gregorek AO, Chan YC, Sawade S (2019) Effects of structured exercise training in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Phys Therapy 31(1):3–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mendonça TM, Terreri MT, Silva CH, Neto MB, Pinto RM, Natour J, Len CA (2013) Effects of Pilates exercises on health-related quality of life in individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 94(11):2093–2102

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Unal E, Dizmek P, Bilginer Y, Tayfur AC, Besbas N, Ozen S (2011) The role of clinical pilates exercises in children wıth juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study. Pediatr Rheumatol 9:117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Azab AR, Kamel FH, Basha MA, Alrawaili SM, Aloraini GS, Hassan SM, Ewais NF, Elnaggar RK (2022) Impact of clinical pilates exercise on pain, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional ability, and quality of life in children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(13):7793

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Wells C, Kolt GS, Bialocerkowski A (2012) Defining pilates exercise: a systematic review. Complemen Ther Med 20:253–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gür G, Ayhan C, Yakut Y (2017) The effectiveness of core stabilization exercise in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized controlled trial. Prosthet Orthot Int 41(3):303–310

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Yagci G, Ayhan C, Yakut Y (2018) Effectiveness of basic body awareness therapy in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized controlled study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 31(4):693–701

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Korovessis P, Syrimpeis V, Tsekouras V, Vardakastanis K, Fennema P (2018) Effect of the Chêneau Brace in the natural history of moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in girls: cohort analysis of a selected homogenous population of 100 consecutive skeletally immature patients. Spine Deform 6(5):514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Koumbourlis AC (2006) Scoliosis and the respiratory system. Paediatr Respir Rev 7(2):152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Gauld LM, Kappers J, Carlin JB, Robertson CF (2003) Prediction of childhood pulmonary function using ulna length. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168(7):804–809

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Sancho-Chust JN, Chiner E, Camarasa A, Senent C (2010) Differences in pulmonary function based on height prediction obtained by using alternative measures. Respiration 79(6):461–468

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kempen DHR, Heemskerk JL, Kaçmaz G et al (2022) Pulmonary function in children and adolescents with untreated idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis. Spine J 22(7):1178–1190

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Alves VLDS, Stirbulov R, Avanzi O (2006) Impact of a physical rehabilitation program on the respiratory function of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Chest 130(2):500–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Kumar A, Kumar S, Sharma V et al (2017) Efficacy of task oriented exercise program based on ergonomics on cobb’s angle and pulmonary function improvement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-a randomized control trial. J Clin Diagn Res. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/27497.10335

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Kuru T, Yeldan Ï, Dereli EE, Özdinçler AR, Dikici F, Çolak Ï (2016) The efficacy of three-dimensional Schroth exercises in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Rehabil 30(2):181–190

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study is not funded by any institution or organization.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Biruni University, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey

    Eylul Pinar Kisa & Arzu Razak Ozdincler

  2. Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ela Tarakcı

  3. Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gokce Leblebici

  4. Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ozgur Kasapcopur

Authors
  1. Eylul Pinar Kisa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ela Tarakcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gokce Leblebici
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Arzu Razak Ozdincler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ozgur Kasapcopur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conception, data interpretation, draft and revision, and final approval of the work: EPK; data interpretation, methodology, revision, and final approval of the work: ET; data analysis and interpretation, draft and revision, and final approval of the work: GL; conception, data interpretation, revision, and final approval of the work: ARO; conception, data interpretation, revision, and final approval of the work: OK. All authors take full responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of all aspects of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eylul Pinar Kisa.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethical declarations

The present study received ethical approval at numbered 15/12/2020, A-14, the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was performed at the physical therapy inpatient clinic of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa.

Ethical approval

The appropriate ethics review boards (Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa (Number: 15/12/2020, A-14) approved the study design. CT number: NCT05377086.

Informed consent

Written explanations were provided to participants about the study and written informed consent was taken from all participants. This manuscript has not been published or presented elsewhere in part or in entirety, and is not under consideration by another journal. All the authors have approved the manuscript and agree with submission to your esteemed journal and were fully involved in the study and preparation of the manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (RTF 70 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kisa, E.P., Tarakcı, E., Leblebici, G. et al. Exercise programs for scoliosis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomized-controlled study. Rheumatol Int 44, 441–449 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-023-05439-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-023-05439-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation